Question 1

Boys who mature at an early age tend to be more

Accepted Answer

A)  physically uncoordinated. 
B)  sexually inhibited. 
C)  popular and self-assured. 
D)  academically successful.

Question 2

According to Erikson, infancy is to trust as adolescence is to

Accepted Answer

A)  autonomy. 
B)  identity. 
C)  generativity. 
D)  integrity.

Question 3

Parents should not take too much blame for the failures and shortcomings of their children because

Accepted Answer

A)  their child-rearing mistakes simply reflect that they were not properly raised by their own parents. 
B)  children typically fail on purpose in order to establish a healthy independence from parents. 
C)  child-rearing practices have little effect on children's beliefs and values. 
D)  parental behavior is only one of many factors that influence children's behavior.

Question 4

Teens who smoke typically have friends who smoke. To avoid overestimating the impact of peer pressure on teens' smoking habits, it would make the most sense to consider the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)  a selection effect. 
B)  a pruning process. 
C)  stranger anxiety. 
D)  brain plasticity.

Question 5

There is very little relationship between the age of an adult and his or her

Accepted Answer

A)  risk of neurocognitive disorder. 
B)  ability to recall meaningless information. 
C)  level of life satisfaction. 
D)  susceptibility to accidental physical injury.

Question 6

Dr. Anders is a 45-year-old physician who experiences a sense of personal fulfillment in contributing to the well-being of others through her medical practice. Erik Erikson would have suggested that Dr. Anders experiences

Accepted Answer

A)  concrete operations. 
B)  postconventional morality. 
C)  object permanence. 
D)  generativity.

Question 7

According to Piaget, the preoperational stage is to the concrete operational stage as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  assimilation; accommodation 
B)  object permanence; stranger anxiety 
C)  egocentrism; conservation 
D)  responsive parenting; temperament

Question 8

Most 20-year-olds outperform most 70-year-olds on video games due to age-related differences in

Accepted Answer

A)  role confusion. 
B)  object permanence. 
C)  infantile amnesia. 
D)  information-processing speed.

Question 9

Erikson suggested that the adolescent search for identity is followed by a developing capacity for

Accepted Answer

A)  competence. 
B)  intimacy. 
C)  autonomy. 
D)  trust.

Question 10

From ages 3 to 6, the brain's neural networks are sprouting most rapidly in the

Accepted Answer

A)  frontal lobes. 
B)  hypothalamus. 
C)  cerebellum. 
D)  brainstem.

Question 11

Which of the following factors contributes most positively to the development of secure attachment between human infants and their mothers?

Accepted Answer

A)  conventional morality 
B)  responsive parenting 
C)  stranger anxiety 
D)  authoritarian discipline

Question 12

According to Piaget, imagining an action and mentally reversing it would be an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)  pruning process. 
B)  critical period. 
C)  mental operation. 
D)  cross-sectional study.

Question 13

Parents in Westernized cultures are more likely than parents in Asian cultures to encourage children to value

Accepted Answer

A)  nonconformity. 
B)  gender roles. 
C)  cultural traditions. 
D)  enduring friendships.

Question 14

French toddlers preferred playing with chamomile-scented toys if

Accepted Answer

A)  they had never before experienced the scent of chamomile. 
B)  they had been diagnosed with fetal alcohol syndrome. 
C)  their mothers had once used a skin balm with a chamomile scent. 
D)  their fathers were devoted chamomile tea drinkers.

Question 15

Developmental psychologists study physical, cognitive, and ________ changes throughout the human life span.

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-sectional 
B)  embryonic 
C)  genetic 
D)  social

Question 16

Which of the following is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Early maturation places both boys and girls at a distinct social advantage. 
B)  Early maturing girls are more popular and self-assured than girls who mature late. 
C)  Early maturation places both boys and girls at a distinct social disadvantage. 
D)  Early maturing boys are more popular and self-assured than boys who mature late.

Question 17

The ability of preschool children to empathize with classmates who are feeling sad illustrates that preoperational children have developed

Accepted Answer

A)  a sense of integrity. 
B)  conventional morality. 
C)  a theory of mind. 
D)  a concept of conservation.

Question 18

Adolescents are most likely to be influenced by their parents with respect to ________, and they are most likely to be influenced by their peers with respect to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  language accents; college choices 
B)  dating practices; religious faith 
C)  bedtime preferences; political views 
D)  career choices; clothing preferences

Question 19

Psychologist Jonathan Haidt has described our moral intuitions as

Accepted Answer

A)  formal operations. 
B)  secure attachments. 
C)  quick gut feelings. 
D)  postconventional judgments.

Question 20

The idea that morality is rooted in moral intuitions rather than moral reasoning is the basis for

Accepted Answer

A)  Lawrence Kohlberg's theory. 
B)  Jean Piaget's theory. 
C)  Jonathan Haidt's theory. 
D)  Erik Erikson's theory.

Exam 4: Developing Through the Life Span