Question 1

Name and describe each of the five levels in Maslow's hierarchy of needs in order.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name and describe each of the five...

Question 2

Dr. Whitmore is curious to know more about how children develop over time. To gain an understanding of this subject not based on opinion or personal bias, Dr. Whitmore should _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  use the scientific method to collect data and establish facts 
B)  have the children undergo psychoanalysis 
C)  talk with many children's parents 
D)  read Dr. Spock's book, Baby and Child Care

Question 3

Behaviorism has also been referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioning theory 
B)  learning theory 
C)  modeling theory 
D)  operant theory

Question 4

According to Piaget, interpreting new experiences to fit into old ideas is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  learning 
B)  assimilation 
C)  equilibrium 
D)  accommodation

Question 5

A cognitive theory that involves attention to perceptual and neurological processes is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  social learning theory 
B)  behaviorism 
C)  information-processing theory 
D)  psychoanalytic theory

Question 6

Operant conditioning is also referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  instrumental conditioning 
C)  observational conditioning 
D)  reinforcement conditioning

Question 7

As children age, they tend to sleep fewer hours. This relationship is an example of a ____ correlation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of As children age, they tend to sleep...

Question 8

If a researcher finds that there is a correlation between secondhand smoke and children's asthma, he knows for SURE that _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  secondhand smoke causes children's asthma 
B)  secondhand smoke does not cause children's asthma 
C)  children exposed to smoke in utero often get asthma 
D)  asthma and secondhand smoke have some connection

Question 9

The second step in the scientific method involves _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  posing a question 
B)  conducting research 
C)  developing a hypothesis 
D)  sharing the results

Question 10

Social learning theory indicates that learning occurs from _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the association between one stimulus and another 
B)  past reinforcement 
C)  observing and imitating others 
D)  responding to a particular stimulus

Question 11

Within Bronfenbrenner's ecological-systems approach, he called the historical context that affects other systems the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ecosystem 
B)  chronosystem 
C)  mesosystem 
D)  macrosystem

Question 12

In scientific research, collecting additional evidence by studying a different population than that used in the original project is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In scientific research, collecting additional evidence by...

Question 13

In longitudinal research, the same people are measured at multiple assessment points over a period of time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Jenny learned to play the piano as a child and played very well until she was in late adolescence, when she stopped playing. In her 40s, she decided to play the piano again. She quickly realized that she had lost most of her ability to play after decades of not playing, so she took lessons. After several years of lessons she once again plays the piano very well. This example illustrates the multi-directional nature of development.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Piaget's first stage of cognitive development is the sensorimotor stage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What is a dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the measured variable that may change depending on manipulation of an independent variable. 
B)  It is any unmeasured variable that is uncontrolled within the context of the experiment. 
C)  It is the variable that is intentionally manipulated by the researcher. 
D)  It is an external variable that cannot be controlled by the researcher.

Question 17

Freud's theory of psychosexual development and Erikson's theory of psychosocial development are two examples of psychoanalytic theories. Describe two similarities of the theories and two differences between them.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Freud's theory of psychosexual development and Erikson's...

Question 18

When a person or animal learns to associate a neutral stimulus with a meaningful stimulus, gradually responding to the neutral stimulus in the same way as to the meaningful one, they are exhibiting _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  observational learning 
C)  operant conditioning 
D)  modeling

Question 19

When differences between the experimental group and the _____ are so large that they could not have occurred simply by chance, they are considered to be significant.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When differences between the experimental group and...

Question 20

The life-span perspective takes into account development from _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  birth to death 
B)  childhood to middle age 
C)  the last decade of life 
D)  conception to death

Exam 1: The Beginning: the Science of Human Development

Name and describe each of the five levels in Maslow's hierarchy of needs in order.

Dr. Whitmore is curious to know more about how children develop over time. To gain an understanding of this subject not based on opinion or personal bias, Dr. Whitmore should _____.

Behaviorism has also been referred to as _____.

According to Piaget, interpreting new experiences to fit into old ideas is called _____.

A cognitive theory that involves attention to perceptual and neurological processes is called _____.

Operant conditioning is also referred to as _____.

As children age, they tend to sleep fewer hours. This relationship is an example of a ____ correlation.

If a researcher finds that there is a correlation between secondhand smoke and children's asthma, he knows for SURE that _____.

The second step in the scientific method involves _____.

Social learning theory indicates that learning occurs from _____.

Within Bronfenbrenner's ecological-systems approach, he called the historical context that affects other systems the _____.

In scientific research, collecting additional evidence by studying a different population than that used in the original project is known as _____.

In longitudinal research, the same people are measured at multiple assessment points over a period of time.

Piaget's first stage of cognitive development is the sensorimotor stage.

What is a dependent variable?

Freud's theory of psychosexual development and Erikson's theory of psychosocial development are two examples of psychoanalytic theories. Describe two similarities of the theories and two differences between them.

When a person or animal learns to associate a neutral stimulus with a meaningful stimulus, gradually responding to the neutral stimulus in the same way as to the meaningful one, they are exhibiting _____.

When differences between the experimental group and the _____ are so large that they could not have occurred simply by chance, they are considered to be significant.

The life-span perspective takes into account development from _____.