Question 1

Compared to spaced studying,massed studying is less effective because

Accepted Answer

A)  it doesn't allow consolidation and it takes longer than spaced studying. 
B)  the brain can't process too much information at once and it uses more energy. 
C)  it doesn't allow enough time between learning trials to maximize learning and it leads to sleep deprivation. 
D)  it forces the learned material to become associated with a specific context and the learning doesn't last as long.

Question 2

Studies of vicarious learning have shown that

Accepted Answer

A)  we don't encode the actions or consequences received by another. 
B)  this is not the most direct way of learning. 
C)  we not only learn the actions but also the consequences received by another. 
D)  we only learn actions through shaping, but we can learn about consequences received by another.

Question 3

Which hypothesis is probably the most reasonable regarding the potential influence of massed vs.spaced practice on the relationship between the number of hours spent studying and the degree to which material is learned?

Accepted Answer

A)  The correlation between hours of study and degree of learning should be higher for massed than for spaced practice. 
B)  The correlation between hours of study and degree of learning should be negative for massed practice but positive for spaced practice. 
C)  The correlation between hours of study and degree of learning should be zero for massed practice but positive for spaced practice. 
D)  The correlation between hours of study and degree of learning should be lower for massed than for spaced practice.

Question 4

A space-time anomaly strands several early psychologists in the 21st century.With no way back,the psychologists attempt to continue their work in the present day.Watson proposes a 'Little Albert' study to a contemporary research ethics committee.Which of the following reflects the least likely response of the committee?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Congratulations! Your proposal has been approved! You may begin collecting data." 
B)  "The investigator fails to make adequate provision for the collection of informed consent from the infant's parent or guardian." 
C)  "No discussion of debriefing or potential follow-up is included." 
D)  "The committee is concerned that the risk to the participant may outweigh the scientific benefit of the proposed work."

Question 5

Seven-year old Eddie is visiting his friend's house after school.His friend runs right in the house,tracking mud everywhere,and his mother scolds him.According to Bandura's findings,what is Eddie likely to do?

Accepted Answer

A)  Walk back outside. 
B)  Run through the house and track mud. 
C)  Copy his friend's behaviour. 
D)  Be very careful not to track any mud on the floor.

Question 6

Which of the following individuals is likely to get the best grades,given their study strategy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alessia, who always studies at her desk 
B)  Goda, who studies for an hour in between classes each day 
C)  Millie, who studies while watching the Maple Leafs 
D)  Chowa, who pulls an all-nighter studying before the test

Question 7

A key difference between associative and non-associative learning is that associative learning ___ while non-associative learning ___.

Accepted Answer

A)  is a form of classical conditioning; is a form of operant conditioning 
B)  develops early in development; develops later in life 
C)  includes linking stimuli; doesn't involve linking stimuli 
D)  happens very quickly; takes a long time to achieve

Question 8

Ursula's cat nearly trips her up every time she uses her can opener.Yes,she mainly uses the can opener for the cat's favourite food,but she occasionally uses it for other purposes.And each time the cat is in her feet,and Ursula is at risk of falling.She decides to repeatedly use the can opener on various cans without giving the cat any food.What is this procedure called?

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous recovery 
B)  stimulus generalization 
C)  higher-order conditioning 
D)  extinction

Question 9

According to your text,which is the most common type of learning disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  agnosia 
B)  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADH
D)  
C)  dyscalculia 
D)  dyslexia

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a fixed-interval schedule?

Accepted Answer

A)  In golf, you manage to sink a ball, on average, every 5 minutes. 
B)  In golf, you manage to sink a ball exactly every 2 minutes. 
C)  In golf, you manage to sink a ball, on average, every 4?? shot. 
D)  In golf, you manage to sink a ball exactly every 3?? shot.

Question 11

Which of the following scenarios exemplifies negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vanna fastens her seatbelt as soon as she gets in her car to stop the annoying alert sound. 
B)  Drake no longer cuts class, now that his parents confiscated his iPod. 
C)  Maria now buys a different brand of cigarettes to get two packs for the price of one. 
D)  Nate no longer arrives late at work following a reprimand from his boss.

Question 12

Floriano is walking back to his apartment late at night alone after going to watch three horror movies.When an alley cat knocks over some trashcans,he shouts aloud in fear and begins to run.Floriano's reaction to the cat is likely the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  sensitization. 
B)  habituation. 
C)  classical conditioning. 
D)  operant conditioning.

Question 13

Define stimulus generalization and describe how "little Albert's" fears became generalized.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define stimulus generalization and describe how "little...

Question 14

Dariya is trying to find her friend at a concert.What condition would cause a pop-out effect for her friend?

Accepted Answer

A)  Her friend is tall and wearing a black shirt and all the other people are short and wearing black shirts. 
B)  Her friend is short and wearing a black shirt and all the other people are short and either wearing a red or black shirt. 
C)  Her friend is tall and wearing a red shirt and all the other people are either tall or short and wearing red shirts. 
D)  Her friend is short and wearing a black shirt and all the other people are tall or short and wearing red or black shirts.

Question 15

When people with phobias are exposed to their feared stimulus,what brain region have neuroimaging studies found to activate rapidly?

Accepted Answer

A)  prefrontal cortex 
B)  amygdala 
C)  hippocampus 
D)  occipital lobe

Question 16

What piece of evidence shows us that newborns are capable of operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prenatal exposure to garlic does not react to garlic odours after birth. 
B)  Prenatal exposure to 'Cat in the Hat' causes newborns to suck harder and longer to hear their mother's read 'Cat in the Hat'. 
C)  Prenatal exposure to a specific song paired with relaxation caused newborns to relax following the presentation of that song. 
D)  Newborns can imitate different facial expressions.

Question 17

Describe why correlational evidence does NOT imply causality when describing the relationship between television watching and child aggression.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe why correlational evidence does NOT imply...

Question 18

After studying psychology all semester in the same classroom,you have just found out that you will be writing your final exam in the gymnasium.Which is the most likely prediction relative to your performance on your exam?

Accepted Answer

A)  You will find it easier to write your exam in the gymnasium because it is a larger, more open space. 
B)  You would do better on your exam if you wrote in the classroom where you studied. 
C)  Where you write your exam will make no difference to your performance. 
D)  You will find it more difficult to write in the gymnasium because there are too many distractions.

Question 19

In Pavlov's study,the US was ___; the neutral stimulus was ___; and,finally,the CS was ___.

Accepted Answer

A)  meat; the assistant; meat 
B)  meat; the assistant; the assistant 
C)  the assistant; meat; meat 
D)  meat; meat; the assistant

Question 20

What can you do to decrease the context effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Learn the material in many various locations. 
B)  Learn the material really well in the same context every day. 
C)  Learn the material in the location that testing will occur. 
D)  Learn the material by saying it out loud so that it is phonologically encoded.

Exam 7: Learning