Question 1

_____ learning occurs without reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  Latent 
B)  Operant 
C)  Subliminal 
D)  Manifest 
A)  Latent 
B)  Operant 
C)  Subliminal 
D)  Manifest A

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a secondary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Food 
B)  Sex 
C)  Money 
D)  Relief 
A)  Food 
B)  Sex 
C)  Money 
D)  Relief C

Question 3

_____ occurs when an extinguished conditioned response reappears after a period of rest.

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous recovery

Question 4

Which of the following approaches to treating a phobia is correctly matched with the type of learning that it reflects?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conditioning client to associate a response of relaxation rather than anxiety to the feared object-observational learning 
B)  Reinforcing client directly by interacting with the feared object-operant conditioning 
C)  Exposing client to a model interacting successfully with the feared object-classical conditioning 
D)  A new behavior is learned but not demonstrated until some incentive is provided for displaying it-perceptual learning 
A)  Conditioning client to associate a response of relaxation rather than anxiety to the feared object-observational learning 
B)  Reinforcing client directly by interacting with the feared object-operant conditioning 
C)  Exposing client to a model interacting successfully with the feared object-classical conditioning 
D)  A new behavior is learned but not demonstrated until some incentive is provided for displaying it-perceptual learning

Question 5

Which theorist is correctly matched with the concept with which he is associated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bandura-classical conditioning 
B)  Tolman-latent learning 
C)  Pavlov-observational learning 
D)  Watson-associative learning 
A)  Bandura-classical conditioning 
B)  Tolman-latent learning 
C)  Pavlov-observational learning 
D)  Watson-associative learning

Question 6

In general, _____ schedules of reinforcement yield high response rates.

Accepted Answer

A)  variable-interval 
B)  fixed-interval 
C)  variable-ratio 
D)  fixed-ratio 
A)  variable-interval 
B)  fixed-interval 
C)  variable-ratio 
D)  fixed-ratio

Question 7

In classical conditioning, how are the neutral stimulus and the conditioned response related?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are not related; they are completely distinct stimuli. 
B)  They are the same thing, and the terms are interchangeable. 
C)  The neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus. 
D)  The conditioned stimulus becomes the neutral stimulus. 
A)  They are not related; they are completely distinct stimuli. 
B)  They are the same thing, and the terms are interchangeable. 
C)  The neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus. 
D)  The conditioned stimulus becomes the neutral stimulus.

Question 8

Bandura's Bobo doll experiment was intended to demonstrate:

Accepted Answer

A)  shaping. 
B)  observational learning. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  stimulus control training. 
A)  shaping. 
B)  observational learning. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  stimulus control training.

Question 9

________ is learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on its favorable or unfavorable consequences.

Accepted Answer

A)  Classical conditioning 
B)  Operant conditioning 
C)  Observational learning 
D)  Instrumental conditioning 
A)  Classical conditioning 
B)  Operant conditioning 
C)  Observational learning 
D)  Instrumental conditioning

Question 10

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vanna fastens her seatbelt as soon as she gets in her car to stop the annoying alert sound. 
B)  Drake no longer cuts class now that his parents have confiscated his iPhone. 
C)  Maria buys a particular brand of cigarettes to get two packs for the price of one. 
D)  Nate no longer arrives late at work following a reprimand from his boss. 
A)  Vanna fastens her seatbelt as soon as she gets in her car to stop the annoying alert sound. 
B)  Drake no longer cuts class now that his parents have confiscated his iPhone. 
C)  Maria buys a particular brand of cigarettes to get two packs for the price of one. 
D)  Nate no longer arrives late at work following a reprimand from his boss.

Question 11

_____ are neurons that fire when we observe another person's behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ are neurons that fire when we...

Question 12

A _____ is any stimulus that increases the probability that a preceding behavior will occur again.

Accepted Answer

A)  catalyst 
B)  rejoinder 
C)  reinforcer 
D)  stimulant 
A)  catalyst 
B)  rejoinder 
C)  reinforcer 
D)  stimulant

Question 13

A variable-ratio schedule is a schedule:

Accepted Answer

A)  by which reinforcement is given only after a specific number of responses are made. 
B)  by which reinforcement occurs after a fluctuating number of responses, rather than after a fixed number. 
C)  that provides reinforcement for a response only if a fixed time period has elapsed, making overall rates of response relatively low. 
D)  by which the time between reinforcements varies around some average, rather than being fixed. 
A)  by which reinforcement is given only after a specific number of responses are made. 
B)  by which reinforcement occurs after a fluctuating number of responses, rather than after a fixed number. 
C)  that provides reinforcement for a response only if a fixed time period has elapsed, making overall rates of response relatively low. 
D)  by which the time between reinforcements varies around some average, rather than being fixed.

Question 14

Operant conditioning most importantly involves forming associations between:

Accepted Answer

A)  neutral and unconditioned stimuli. 
B)  stimuli and involuntary behavior. 
C)  behavior and consequences. 
D)  conditioned response and reflex. 
A)  neutral and unconditioned stimuli. 
B)  stimuli and involuntary behavior. 
C)  behavior and consequences. 
D)  conditioned response and reflex.

Question 15

A(n) _____ reinforcer refers to the removal of an unpleasant stimulus, for instance, putting on a sweater when a person feels it is cold, which leads to an increase in the probability that a preceding response will be repeated in the future.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative 
B)  secondary 
C)  unconditioned 
D)  neutral 
A)  negative 
B)  secondary 
C)  unconditioned 
D)  neutral

Question 16

The cognitive learning theory emphasizes:

Accepted Answer

A)  expectations. 
B)  imitation. 
C)  consolidation. 
D)  associations. 
A)  expectations. 
B)  imitation. 
C)  consolidation. 
D)  associations.

Question 17

A fixed-ratio schedule is a schedule:

Accepted Answer

A)  by which reinforcement is given only after a specific number of responses are made. 
B)  by which reinforcement occurs after a varying number of responses, rather than after a fixed number. 
C)  that provides reinforcement for a response only if a fixed time period has elapsed, making overall rates of response relatively low. 
D)  by which the time between reinforcements varies around some average, rather than being fixed. 
A)  by which reinforcement is given only after a specific number of responses are made. 
B)  by which reinforcement occurs after a varying number of responses, rather than after a fixed number. 
C)  that provides reinforcement for a response only if a fixed time period has elapsed, making overall rates of response relatively low. 
D)  by which the time between reinforcements varies around some average, rather than being fixed.

Question 18

Sheryl's parents have told her that she is grounded and will not be allowed to watch any television for a week, because she has not been completing her assignments on time. This is an example of a:

Accepted Answer

A)  negative punishment. 
B)  negative reinforcement. 
C)  positive punishment. 
D)  positive reinforcement. 
A)  negative punishment. 
B)  negative reinforcement. 
C)  positive punishment. 
D)  positive reinforcement.

Question 19

Identify and define the four schedules of intermittent or partial reinforcement. Provide daily examples of each of the four schedules. Identify two specific ways that college professors might use our understanding of the schedules to increase the frequency with which students study course materials.

Accepted Answer

Students' examples may vary.
The answer

Question 20

Tim loves pickles. The sight of a jar on the supermarket shelf makes his mouth water. In the terminology of classical conditioning, the sight of the jar is a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus 
B)  unconditioned stimulus 
C)  neutral stimulus 
D)  conditioned response 
A)  conditioned stimulus 
B)  unconditioned stimulus 
C)  neutral stimulus 
D)  conditioned response

_____ learning occurs without reinforcement.

Which of the following is an example of a secondary reinforcer?

_____ occurs when an extinguished conditioned response reappears after a period of rest.

Which of the following approaches to treating a phobia is correctly matched with the type of learning that it reflects?

Which theorist is correctly matched with the concept with which he is associated?

In general, _____ schedules of reinforcement yield high response rates.

In classical conditioning, how are the neutral stimulus and the conditioned response related?

Bandura's Bobo doll experiment was intended to demonstrate:

________ is learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on its favorable or unfavorable consequences.

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies negative reinforcement?

_____ are neurons that fire when we observe another person's behavior.

A _____ is any stimulus that increases the probability that a preceding behavior will occur again.

A variable-ratio schedule is a schedule:

Operant conditioning most importantly involves forming associations between:

A(n) _____ reinforcer refers to the removal of an unpleasant stimulus, for instance, putting on a sweater when a person feels it is cold, which leads to an increase in the probability that a preceding response will be repeated in the future.

The cognitive learning theory emphasizes:

A fixed-ratio schedule is a schedule:

Sheryl's parents have told her that she is grounded and will not be allowed to watch any television for a week, because she has not been completing her assignments on time. This is an example of a:

Identify and define the four schedules of intermittent or partial reinforcement. Provide daily examples of each of the four schedules. Identify two specific ways that college professors might use our understanding of the schedules to increase the frequency with which students study course materials.

Tim loves pickles. The sight of a jar on the supermarket shelf makes his mouth water. In the terminology of classical conditioning, the sight of the jar is a(n) ________.

Power Learning: Becoming an Expert Student

Making the Most of Your Time

Reading and Remembering

Taking Notes

Leveraging Technology and Developing Information Competency

Writing and Presenting

Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Collaborating With Others

Managing Stress and Money

Planning Your Career Online

Understanding Social Psychology and Persuasion Techniques

Filters

Exam 5: Taking Tests

_____ learning occurs without reinforcement.

Which of the following is an example of a secondary reinforcer?

_____ occurs when an extinguished conditioned response reappears after a period of rest.

Which of the following approaches to treating a phobia is correctly matched with the type of learning that it reflects?

Which theorist is correctly matched with the concept with which he is associated?

In general, _____ schedules of reinforcement yield high response rates.

In classical conditioning, how are the neutral stimulus and the conditioned response related?

Bandura's Bobo doll experiment was intended to demonstrate:

________ is learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on its favorable or unfavorable consequences.

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies negative reinforcement?

_____ are neurons that fire when we observe another person's behavior.

A _____ is any stimulus that increases the probability that a preceding behavior will occur again.

A variable-ratio schedule is a schedule:

Operant conditioning most importantly involves forming associations between:

A(n) _____ reinforcer refers to the removal of an unpleasant stimulus, for instance, putting on a sweater when a person feels it is cold, which leads to an increase in the probability that a preceding response will be repeated in the future.

The cognitive learning theory emphasizes:

A fixed-ratio schedule is a schedule:

Sheryl's parents have told her that she is grounded and will not be allowed to watch any television for a week, because she has not been completing her assignments on time. This is an example of a:

Tim loves pickles. The sight of a jar on the supermarket shelf makes his mouth water. In the terminology of classical conditioning, the sight of the jar is a(n) ________.

Power Learning: Becoming an Expert Student

Making the Most of Your Time

Reading and Remembering

Taking Notes

Leveraging Technology and Developing Information Competency

Writing and Presenting

Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Collaborating With Others

Managing Stress and Money

Planning Your Career Online

Understanding Social Psychology and Persuasion Techniques

Filters