Question 1

________ stimulus is a stimulus that is natural and needs no training.

Accepted Answer

A)  Conditioned 
B)  Unconditioned 
C)  Neutral 
D)  Normative 
A)  Conditioned 
B)  Unconditioned 
C)  Neutral 
D)  Normative

Question 2

The cognitive learning concept of _____ learning is most prominently associated with _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  latent; Tolman 
B)  latent; Thorndike 
C)  implicit; Tolman 
D)  implicit; Thorndike 
A)  latent; Tolman 
B)  latent; Thorndike 
C)  implicit; Tolman 
D)  implicit; Thorndike

Question 3

Learning in which a new behavior is acquired but is not demonstrated until some incentive is provided for displaying it is known as _____ learning.

Accepted Answer

A)  tangential 
B)  latent 
C)  perceptual 
D)  spatial 
A)  tangential 
B)  latent 
C)  perceptual 
D)  spatial

Question 4

One doesn't receive a smile or a "thank you" each time one holds a door for the person behind him or her. The action is acknowledged occasionally. Door-holding is reinforced on a _____ reinforcement schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous 
B)  partial 
C)  regular 
D)  fixed 
A)  continuous 
B)  partial 
C)  regular 
D)  fixed

Question 5

What are the advantages and disadvantages of punishment?

Accepted Answer

Punishment often presents the quickest r

Question 6

Negative reinforcement:

Accepted Answer

A)  is the same thing as punishment. 
B)  increases the likelihood that preceding behaviors will be repeated. 
C)  decreases the likelihood that a behavior will be performed. 
D)  is a stimulus whose removal leads to a decrease in the probability that a preceding response will be repeated. 
A)  is the same thing as punishment. 
B)  increases the likelihood that preceding behaviors will be repeated. 
C)  decreases the likelihood that a behavior will be performed. 
D)  is a stimulus whose removal leads to a decrease in the probability that a preceding response will be repeated.

Question 7

_____ is associated with the Fearless Peer experiment which demonstrates _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pavlov; classical conditioning 
B)  Bandura; observational learning 
C)  Skinner; operant conditioning 
D)  Thorndike; latent learning 
A)  Pavlov; classical conditioning 
B)  Bandura; observational learning 
C)  Skinner; operant conditioning 
D)  Thorndike; latent learning

Question 8

Observational learning is based in part on the activity of _____ neurons in the brain.

Accepted Answer

A)  mirror 
B)  reflexive 
C)  imitative 
D)  modeling 
A)  mirror 
B)  reflexive 
C)  imitative 
D)  modeling

Question 9

Jonas is a veteran of the war in Iraq. He suffers from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). At present, he is back home in a quiet California neighborhood, and jumps when he hears a firecracker or a car backfire. In the terminology of classical conditioning, these sounds are most likely to be referred to as ________ stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A)  neutral 
B)  unconditioned 
C)  conditioned 
D)  normative 
A)  neutral 
B)  unconditioned 
C)  conditioned 
D)  normative

Question 10

Jim tosses a newly purchased felt mouse across the floor. His cat chases it excitedly, clutches it in her paws, and rolls around with it. Several tosses later, his cat yawns pointedly and settles for a nap. The change in his cat's behavior illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptation. 
B)  habituation. 
C)  conditioning. 
D)  maturation. 
A)  adaptation. 
B)  habituation. 
C)  conditioning. 
D)  maturation.

Question 11

The process by which a stimulus increases the likelihood that a preceding behavior will be repeated is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation. 
B)  reinforcement. 
C)  learning. 
D)  spontaneous recovery. 
A)  habituation. 
B)  reinforcement. 
C)  learning. 
D)  spontaneous recovery.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a negative punishment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gina fights with her husband and avoids him. 
B)  Andrew spanks his child for misbehaving. 
C)  Todd yells at his wife for being irresponsible. 
D)  Jim, a manager, informs an employee that she has been demoted because of a poor job evaluation. 
A)  Gina fights with her husband and avoids him. 
B)  Andrew spanks his child for misbehaving. 
C)  Todd yells at his wife for being irresponsible. 
D)  Jim, a manager, informs an employee that she has been demoted because of a poor job evaluation.

Question 13

Typically, long pauses in responses are associated with _____ schedules.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-interval 
B)  fixed-ratio 
C)  variable-interval 
D)  variable-ratio 
A)  fixed-interval 
B)  fixed-ratio 
C)  variable-interval 
D)  variable-ratio

Question 14

An analytic learning style is most likely to be displayed by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Caucasian males. 
B)  Asian American females. 
C)  Hispanic American females. 
D)  Native American males. 
A)  Caucasian males. 
B)  Asian American females. 
C)  Hispanic American females. 
D)  Native American males.

Question 15

_____ weakens a response through the application of an unpleasant stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A)  Negative reinforcement 
B)  Negative punishment 
C)  Positive punishment 
D)  Normative reinforcement 
A)  Negative reinforcement 
B)  Negative punishment 
C)  Positive punishment 
D)  Normative reinforcement

Question 16

_____ are intense, irrational fears.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ are intense, irrational fears....

Question 17

Which of the following sequences correctly arranges the phases of the classical conditioning process from first to last?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acquisition → spontaneous recovery → extinction 
B)  Acquisition → extinction → spontaneous recovery 
C)  Spontaneous recovery → acquisition → extinction 
D)  Extinction → acquisition → spontaneous recovery 
A)  Acquisition → spontaneous recovery → extinction 
B)  Acquisition → extinction → spontaneous recovery 
C)  Spontaneous recovery → acquisition → extinction 
D)  Extinction → acquisition → spontaneous recovery

Question 18

________ is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to bring about a response after it is paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that response.

Accepted Answer

A)  Classical conditioning 
B)  Operant conditioning 
C)  Observational learning 
D)  Instrumental conditioning 
A)  Classical conditioning 
B)  Operant conditioning 
C)  Observational learning 
D)  Instrumental conditioning

Question 19

Dr. DiFonzo notices several students nodding in agreement as he lectures. Subsequently, his rhetoric becomes more confident and more passionate. The students have provided _____ reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive 
B)  secondary 
C)  conditioned 
D)  neutral 
A)  positive 
B)  secondary 
C)  conditioned 
D)  neutral

Question 20

In Pavlov's study, the bell is both a(n) _____ stimulus and a conditioned stimulus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Pavlov's study, the bell is both...

________ stimulus is a stimulus that is natural and needs no training.

The cognitive learning concept of _ learning is most prominently associated with _.

Learning in which a new behavior is acquired but is not demonstrated until some incentive is provided for displaying it is known as _____ learning.

One doesn't receive a smile or a "thank you" each time one holds a door for the person behind him or her. The action is acknowledged occasionally. Door-holding is reinforced on a _____ reinforcement schedule.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of punishment?

Negative reinforcement:

_ is associated with the Fearless Peer experiment which demonstrates _.

Observational learning is based in part on the activity of _____ neurons in the brain.

Jim tosses a newly purchased felt mouse across the floor. His cat chases it excitedly, clutches it in her paws, and rolls around with it. Several tosses later, his cat yawns pointedly and settles for a nap. The change in his cat's behavior illustrates:

The process by which a stimulus increases the likelihood that a preceding behavior will be repeated is called:

Which of the following is an example of a negative punishment?

Typically, long pauses in responses are associated with _____ schedules.

An analytic learning style is most likely to be displayed by:

_____ weakens a response through the application of an unpleasant stimulus.

_____ are intense, irrational fears.

Which of the following sequences correctly arranges the phases of the classical conditioning process from first to last?

________ is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to bring about a response after it is paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that response.

Dr. DiFonzo notices several students nodding in agreement as he lectures. Subsequently, his rhetoric becomes more confident and more passionate. The students have provided _____ reinforcement.

In Pavlov's study, the bell is both a(n) _____ stimulus and a conditioned stimulus.

Power Learning: Becoming an Expert Student

Making the Most of Your Time

Reading and Remembering

Taking Notes

Leveraging Technology and Developing Information Competency

Writing and Presenting

Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Collaborating With Others

Managing Stress and Money

Planning Your Career Online

Understanding Social Psychology and Persuasion Techniques

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Exam 5: Taking Tests

________ stimulus is a stimulus that is natural and needs no training.

The cognitive learning concept of _____ learning is most prominently associated with _____.

Learning in which a new behavior is acquired but is not demonstrated until some incentive is provided for displaying it is known as _____ learning.

One doesn't receive a smile or a "thank you" each time one holds a door for the person behind him or her. The action is acknowledged occasionally. Door-holding is reinforced on a _____ reinforcement schedule.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of punishment?

Negative reinforcement:

_____ is associated with the Fearless Peer experiment which demonstrates _____.

Observational learning is based in part on the activity of _____ neurons in the brain.

Jim tosses a newly purchased felt mouse across the floor. His cat chases it excitedly, clutches it in her paws, and rolls around with it. Several tosses later, his cat yawns pointedly and settles for a nap. The change in his cat's behavior illustrates:

The process by which a stimulus increases the likelihood that a preceding behavior will be repeated is called:

Which of the following is an example of a negative punishment?

Typically, long pauses in responses are associated with _____ schedules.

An analytic learning style is most likely to be displayed by:

_____ weakens a response through the application of an unpleasant stimulus.

_____ are intense, irrational fears.

Which of the following sequences correctly arranges the phases of the classical conditioning process from first to last?

________ is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to bring about a response after it is paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that response.

Dr. DiFonzo notices several students nodding in agreement as he lectures. Subsequently, his rhetoric becomes more confident and more passionate. The students have provided _____ reinforcement.

In Pavlov's study, the bell is both a(n) _____ stimulus and a conditioned stimulus.

Power Learning: Becoming an Expert Student

Making the Most of Your Time

Reading and Remembering

Taking Notes

Leveraging Technology and Developing Information Competency

Writing and Presenting

Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Collaborating With Others

Managing Stress and Money

Planning Your Career Online

Understanding Social Psychology and Persuasion Techniques

Filters

The cognitive learning concept of _ learning is most prominently associated with _.

_ is associated with the Fearless Peer experiment which demonstrates _.