Question 1

Theorists who emphasized instincts in the past, or who advocate ethology today are most likely to use which approach to the study of motivation?

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive 
B)  mechanistic 
C)  innate 
D)  acquired 
A)  cognitive 
B)  mechanistic 
C)  innate 
D)  acquired

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT true about drive theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  it was first introduced by Woodworth (1918) 
B)  it proposed that motivated behavior occurred in response to changing bodily needs 
C)  it was a precursor to research on how the brain controls behavior 
D)  it was strongly promoted by Freud in 1900 
A)  it was first introduced by Woodworth (1918) 
B)  it proposed that motivated behavior occurred in response to changing bodily needs 
C)  it was a precursor to research on how the brain controls behavior 
D)  it was strongly promoted by Freud in 1900

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a technique used in motivational research at the physiological level?

Accepted Answer

A)  electrical stimulation of the brain 
B)  chemical stimulation of the brain 
C)  electrical recording of brain cell activity via EEG 
D)  depriving a rat of food and observing how it's behavior changes 
A)  electrical stimulation of the brain 
B)  chemical stimulation of the brain 
C)  electrical recording of brain cell activity via EEG 
D)  depriving a rat of food and observing how it's behavior changes

Question 4

Evolution can be defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)  the progressive change of organisms through time 
B)  the continuity of species through time 
C)  survival of the fittest at a particular time 
D)  the sum total of experiences of an individual 
A)  the progressive change of organisms through time 
B)  the continuity of species through time 
C)  survival of the fittest at a particular time 
D)  the sum total of experiences of an individual

Question 5

One reason that Helmholtz's discovery of the speed of an electrical impulse along a nerve is important is because it showed that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the speed of a neural impulse is greater than 100 miles per hour 
B)  Galvani's ideas about nerve impulses was wrong 
C)  it is possible to experimentally study the function of the nervous system 
D)  instinct theories were wrong 
A)  the speed of a neural impulse is greater than 100 miles per hour 
B)  Galvani's ideas about nerve impulses was wrong 
C)  it is possible to experimentally study the function of the nervous system 
D)  instinct theories were wrong

Question 6

Asch's (1952) studies on conformity are an example of which level of analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  physiological 
B)  individual 
C)  social 
D)  philosophical 
A)  physiological 
B)  individual 
C)  social 
D)  philosophical

Question 7

_____ is to mating success as _____ is to number of offspring.

Accepted Answer

A)  Viability; fecundity 
B)  Fertility; fecundity 
C)  Fecundity; viability 
D)  Fertility; viability 
A)  Viability; fecundity 
B)  Fertility; fecundity 
C)  Fecundity; viability 
D)  Fertility; viability

Question 8

Going to a movie theater and selecting a romantic comedy indicates which component of motivation?

Accepted Answer

A)  direction 
B)  activation 
C)  persistence 
D)  vigor 
A)  direction 
B)  activation 
C)  persistence 
D)  vigor

Question 9

The social level of analysis deals with:

Accepted Answer

A)  why individuals are aggressive 
B)  how individuals learn different motive states 
C)  how brain circuits mediate different motive states 
D)  how behaviors are influenced by situational factors or the presence of others 
A)  why individuals are aggressive 
B)  how individuals learn different motive states 
C)  how brain circuits mediate different motive states 
D)  how behaviors are influenced by situational factors or the presence of others

Question 10

Locke and other British philosophers proposed a fundamental concept in psychology called:

Accepted Answer

A)  reductionism 
B)  association 
C)  innate ideas 
D)  free will 
A)  reductionism 
B)  association 
C)  innate ideas 
D)  free will

Question 11

A genetically programmed bit of behavior that occurs when circumstances are appropriate and that requires no learning of the behavior is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  reproductive value 
B)  instinct 
C)  ethological action pattern 
D)  natural selection 
A)  reproductive value 
B)  instinct 
C)  ethological action pattern 
D)  natural selection

Question 12

Most theories of motivation assume the existence of some source of _____ that drives behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  philosophy 
B)  physiology 
C)  energy 
D)  cognition 
A)  philosophy 
B)  physiology 
C)  energy 
D)  cognition

Question 13

According to evolutionary psychology, reproductive value in human females is associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)  age and wisdom 
B)  youthfulness and health 
C)  wealth and social status 
D)  education and beauty 
A)  age and wisdom 
B)  youthfulness and health 
C)  wealth and social status 
D)  education and beauty

Question 14

Two metaphors that have provided the framework for research in motivation are:

Accepted Answer

A)  the machine metaphor and the Godlike metaphor 
B)  the drive metaphor and the cognitive metaphor 
C)  the sensory nerves and motor nerves metaphor 
D)  the ghost in the machine metaphor and the Andromeda metaphor 
A)  the machine metaphor and the Godlike metaphor 
B)  the drive metaphor and the cognitive metaphor 
C)  the sensory nerves and motor nerves metaphor 
D)  the ghost in the machine metaphor and the Andromeda metaphor

Question 15

The example of the Olds and Milner (1954) experiment in which electrodes were introduced into areas of a rat's brain best exemplifies which level of analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  philosophical 
B)  individual 
C)  physiological 
D)  social 
A)  philosophical 
B)  individual 
C)  physiological 
D)  social

Question 16

The process through which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells is called _____ ; the process through which two specialized cells combine to form a new cell with genetic information from each cell is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  mitosis; meiosis 
B)  meiosis; evolution 
C)  mitosis; recombination 
D)  reproduction; evolution 
A)  mitosis; meiosis 
B)  meiosis; evolution 
C)  mitosis; recombination 
D)  reproduction; evolution

Question 17

One reason why Bandura's (1973) study with the Bobo doll is important is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  it shows how brain functions influence behavior 
B)  it shows that aggression may be learned through observation 
C)  it shows that children are naturally aggressive 
D)  it shows that some motive states are innate 
A)  it shows how brain functions influence behavior 
B)  it shows that aggression may be learned through observation 
C)  it shows that children are naturally aggressive 
D)  it shows that some motive states are innate

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT an example of the concept of cognitive processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heider's balance theory 
B)  Olds's self-stimulation theory 
C)  Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory 
D)  Bem's self-perception theory 
A)  Heider's balance theory 
B)  Olds's self-stimulation theory 
C)  Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory 
D)  Bem's self-perception theory

Question 19

Which of the following statements best represents the assumptions held by theorists who advocate the cognitive approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  "The manner in which information is interpreted influences motive states" 
B)  "Motive states are influenced by environmental factors acting on the organism" 
C)  "Instincts control most motive states" 
D)  "Motive states are controlled by needs that promote behaviors to reduce those needs" 
A)  "The manner in which information is interpreted influences motive states" 
B)  "Motive states are influenced by environmental factors acting on the organism" 
C)  "Instincts control most motive states" 
D)  "Motive states are controlled by needs that promote behaviors to reduce those needs"

Question 20

The idea that people are motivated by pleasure and pain is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  homeostasis 
B)  hedonism 
C)  growth motivation 
D)  locus of control 
A)  homeostasis 
B)  hedonism 
C)  growth motivation 
D)  locus of control

Theorists who emphasized instincts in the past, or who advocate ethology today are most likely to use which approach to the study of motivation?

Which of the following is NOT true about drive theory?

Which of the following is NOT a technique used in motivational research at the physiological level?

Evolution can be defined as:

One reason that Helmholtz's discovery of the speed of an electrical impulse along a nerve is important is because it showed that:

Asch's (1952) studies on conformity are an example of which level of analysis?

_ is to mating success as _ is to number of offspring.

Going to a movie theater and selecting a romantic comedy indicates which component of motivation?

The social level of analysis deals with:

Locke and other British philosophers proposed a fundamental concept in psychology called:

A genetically programmed bit of behavior that occurs when circumstances are appropriate and that requires no learning of the behavior is called:

Most theories of motivation assume the existence of some source of _____ that drives behavior.

According to evolutionary psychology, reproductive value in human females is associated with:

Two metaphors that have provided the framework for research in motivation are:

The example of the Olds and Milner (1954) experiment in which electrodes were introduced into areas of a rat's brain best exemplifies which level of analysis?

The process through which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells is called _ ; the process through which two specialized cells combine to form a new cell with genetic information from each cell is called _.

One reason why Bandura's (1973) study with the Bobo doll is important is that:

Which of the following is NOT an example of the concept of cognitive processes?

Which of the following statements best represents the assumptions held by theorists who advocate the cognitive approach?

The idea that people are motivated by pleasure and pain is called:

Genetic Contributions to Motivated Behavior

Physiological Mechanisms of Arousal

Physiological Mechanisms of Regulation

Learned Motives: Classical, Instrumental, and Observational Learning

Incentive Motivation

Hedonism and Sensory Stimulation

Cognitive Motivation: Expectancy-Value Approaches

Cognitive Motivation: Social Motivation and Consistency

Cognitive Motivation: Attribution Approaches

Cognitive Motivation: Competence and Control

The Emotions As Motivators

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 1: Conceptualizing and Measuring Motivation

Theorists who emphasized instincts in the past, or who advocate ethology today are most likely to use which approach to the study of motivation?

Which of the following is NOT true about drive theory?

Which of the following is NOT a technique used in motivational research at the physiological level?

Evolution can be defined as:

One reason that Helmholtz's discovery of the speed of an electrical impulse along a nerve is important is because it showed that:

Asch's (1952) studies on conformity are an example of which level of analysis?

_____ is to mating success as _____ is to number of offspring.

Going to a movie theater and selecting a romantic comedy indicates which component of motivation?

The social level of analysis deals with:

Locke and other British philosophers proposed a fundamental concept in psychology called:

A genetically programmed bit of behavior that occurs when circumstances are appropriate and that requires no learning of the behavior is called:

Most theories of motivation assume the existence of some source of _____ that drives behavior.

According to evolutionary psychology, reproductive value in human females is associated with:

Two metaphors that have provided the framework for research in motivation are:

The example of the Olds and Milner (1954) experiment in which electrodes were introduced into areas of a rat's brain best exemplifies which level of analysis?

The process through which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells is called _____ ; the process through which two specialized cells combine to form a new cell with genetic information from each cell is called _____.

One reason why Bandura's (1973) study with the Bobo doll is important is that:

Which of the following is NOT an example of the concept of cognitive processes?

Which of the following statements best represents the assumptions held by theorists who advocate the cognitive approach?

The idea that people are motivated by pleasure and pain is called:

Genetic Contributions to Motivated Behavior

Physiological Mechanisms of Arousal

Physiological Mechanisms of Regulation

Learned Motives: Classical, Instrumental, and Observational Learning

Incentive Motivation

Hedonism and Sensory Stimulation

Cognitive Motivation: Expectancy-Value Approaches

Cognitive Motivation: Social Motivation and Consistency

Cognitive Motivation: Attribution Approaches

Cognitive Motivation: Competence and Control

The Emotions As Motivators

Conclusions

Filters

_ is to mating success as _ is to number of offspring.

The process through which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells is called _ ; the process through which two specialized cells combine to form a new cell with genetic information from each cell is called _.