Question 1

What role does safranin play in the Gram stain procedure?

Accepted Answer

A)  primary stain 
B)  mordant 
C)  decolorizing agent 
D)  counterstain 
E)  negative stain 
A)  primary stain 
B)  mordant 
C)  decolorizing agent 
D)  counterstain 
E)  negative stain

Question 2

Osmium tetraoxide is a reagent used in the

Accepted Answer

A)  acid-fast stain. 
B)  electron microscopy stain. 
C)  endospore stain. 
D)  flagellar stain. 
E)  negative stain. 
A)  acid-fast stain. 
B)  electron microscopy stain. 
C)  endospore stain. 
D)  flagellar stain. 
E)  negative stain.

Question 3

Members of the genera Bacillus and Clostridium can be identified using the endospore stain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following statements about transmission electron microscopy is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thin segments must be used. 
B)  Electrons are the source of illumination. 
C)  Glass lenses are used. 
D)  The sample is placed in a vacuum. 
E)  Stains can be applied to improve contrast. 
A)  Thin segments must be used. 
B)  Electrons are the source of illumination. 
C)  Glass lenses are used. 
D)  The sample is placed in a vacuum. 
E)  Stains can be applied to improve contrast.

Question 5

Bacterial viruses, called __________, can be used to help classify different groups of bacteria.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bacterial viruses, called __________, can be used...

Question 6

The total magnification using a 10 ocular and a 100 objective would be __________ X. (Be sure your answer is a numeral.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of The total magnification using a 10 ocular...

Question 7

The Gram stain works because of differences in the __________ of bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic characteristics 
B)  cell walls 
C)  cell membranes 
D)  antigens 
E)  capsules 
A)  genetic characteristics 
B)  cell walls 
C)  cell membranes 
D)  antigens 
E)  capsules

Question 8

Which of the following microscopes produces the highest resolution images?

Accepted Answer

A)  dark-field 
B)  differential interference 
C)  scanning electron 
D)  fluorescent 
E)  atomic force 
A)  dark-field 
B)  differential interference 
C)  scanning electron 
D)  fluorescent 
E)  atomic force

Question 9

An integral part of serological testing is the use of a solution called __________ that contains antibodies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An integral part of serological testing is...

Question 10

A serological test that involves the clumping of antigen and antibody is the __________ test.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A serological test that involves the clumping...

Question 11

Bacterial cells are usually a few __________ in size.

Accepted Answer

A)  centimeters (cm) 
B)  millimeters (mm) 
C)  micrometers (µm) 
D)  nanometers (nm) 
E)  meters (m) 
A)  centimeters (cm) 
B)  millimeters (mm) 
C)  micrometers (µm) 
D)  nanometers (nm) 
E)  meters (m)

Question 12

The size of a pork tapeworm is generally described in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)  meters (m). 
B)  millimeters (mm.) 
C)  micrometers (µm). 
D)  nanometers (nm). 
E)  decimeters (dc). 
A)  meters (m). 
B)  millimeters (mm.) 
C)  micrometers (µm). 
D)  nanometers (nm). 
E)  decimeters (dc).

Question 13

Methylene blue is a reagent in the

Accepted Answer

A)  acid-fast stain. 
B)  negative stain. 
C)  flagellar stain. 
D)  endospore stain. 
E)  electron microscopy stain. 
A)  acid-fast stain. 
B)  negative stain. 
C)  flagellar stain. 
D)  endospore stain. 
E)  electron microscopy stain.

Question 14

All of the following are components of electron microscopy stains EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  eosin. 
B)  tungsten. 
C)  lead. 
D)  uranium. 
E)  osmium. 
A)  eosin. 
B)  tungsten. 
C)  lead. 
D)  uranium. 
E)  osmium.

Question 15

List and explain five types of techniques that can be used to identify unknown microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

There are five major types of identifica

Question 16

Which of the following is an incorrect pairing?

Accepted Answer

A)  magnification: refraction of radiation 
B)  contrast: staining techniques 
C)  numerical aperture: curved glass 
D)  simple microscope: Leeuwenhoek 
E)  electron beams: shorter wavelength 
A)  magnification: refraction of radiation 
B)  contrast: staining techniques 
C)  numerical aperture: curved glass 
D)  simple microscope: Leeuwenhoek 
E)  electron beams: shorter wavelength

Question 17

Why have some microbiologists proposed using ribosomal RNA as the basis for defining bacterial species?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ribosomal RNAs are highly conserved genetic sequences present in all prokaryotes. 
B)  the "interbreeding population" criterion does not apply to bacteria. 
C)  ribosomal RNA is the basis for domain assignment. 
D)  bacteria vary too little in their physical and biochemical traits. 
E)  bacteria are not interbreeding populations, and ribosomal RNAs are highly conserved genes present in all prokaryotes. 
A)  Ribosomal RNAs are highly conserved genetic sequences present in all prokaryotes. 
B)  the "interbreeding population" criterion does not apply to bacteria. 
C)  ribosomal RNA is the basis for domain assignment. 
D)  bacteria vary too little in their physical and biochemical traits. 
E)  bacteria are not interbreeding populations, and ribosomal RNAs are highly conserved genes present in all prokaryotes.

Question 18

The system of taxonomy used today was originated by __________. (Be sure to capitalize your answer.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of The system of taxonomy used today was...

Question 19

Cellular organelles and viruses are generally measured in

Accepted Answer

A)  nanometers. 
B)  millimeters. 
C)  micrometers. 
D)  centimeters. 
E)  decimeters. 
A)  nanometers. 
B)  millimeters. 
C)  micrometers. 
D)  centimeters. 
E)  decimeters.

Question 20

Bacterial cells are so similar to each other that physical characteristics cannot be used in identifying organisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 4: Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

What role does safranin play in the Gram stain procedure?

Osmium tetraoxide is a reagent used in the

Members of the genera Bacillus and Clostridium can be identified using the endospore stain.

Which of the following statements about transmission electron microscopy is FALSE?

Bacterial viruses, called __________, can be used to help classify different groups of bacteria.

The total magnification using a 10 ocular and a 100 objective would be __________ X. (Be sure your answer is a numeral.)

The Gram stain works because of differences in the __________ of bacteria.

Which of the following microscopes produces the highest resolution images?

An integral part of serological testing is the use of a solution called __________ that contains antibodies.

A serological test that involves the clumping of antigen and antibody is the __________ test.

Bacterial cells are usually a few __________ in size.

The size of a pork tapeworm is generally described in terms of

Methylene blue is a reagent in the

All of the following are components of electron microscopy stains EXCEPT

List and explain five types of techniques that can be used to identify unknown microorganisms.

Which of the following is an incorrect pairing?

Why have some microbiologists proposed using ribosomal RNA as the basis for defining bacterial species?

The system of taxonomy used today was originated by __________. (Be sure to capitalize your answer.)

Cellular organelles and viruses are generally measured in

Bacterial cells are so similar to each other that physical characteristics cannot be used in identifying organisms.

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant Dna Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Aids and Other Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

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