Question 1

Which statement BEST describes the results of Ebbinghaus work on forgetting?

Accepted Answer

A)  Beginning immediately,a person will slowly forget what he has learned at a relatively constant rate. 
B)  The person will remember what he learned pretty well for a day or two,but then he'll begin rapidly forgetting the material. 
C)  The person will forget most of it right away,and he'll keep on forgetting more of it,although at a slower rate. 
D)  Forgetting starts out slowly and then speeds up as time passes. 
A)  Beginning immediately,a person will slowly forget what he has learned at a relatively constant rate. 
B)  The person will remember what he learned pretty well for a day or two,but then he'll begin rapidly forgetting the material. 
C)  The person will forget most of it right away,and he'll keep on forgetting more of it,although at a slower rate. 
D)  Forgetting starts out slowly and then speeds up as time passes.

Question 2

Cissy looks up a number in the phone book,pushes the book away,and then dials the number.Why does she discourage any interruptions during this process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Information lasts only 20-30 seconds in short-term memory. 
B)  Information lasts only 5-6 seconds in short-term memory. 
C)  Information can only last a minute or so in short-term memory. 
D)  Short-term memory can only hold one or two items. 
A)  Information lasts only 20-30 seconds in short-term memory. 
B)  Information lasts only 5-6 seconds in short-term memory. 
C)  Information can only last a minute or so in short-term memory. 
D)  Short-term memory can only hold one or two items.

Question 3

Which stage in the information-processing model of memory has the smallest capacity?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory memory 
B)  echoic memory 
C)  short-term memory 
D)  long-term memory 
A)  sensory memory 
B)  echoic memory 
C)  short-term memory 
D)  long-term memory

Question 4

General knowledge is to personal experience as episodic memory is to semantic memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

If Lola begins to list all the classes she's ever taken in college,she will most likely recall her last few classes particularly well.What is this phenomenon called?

Accepted Answer

A)  chunking 
B)  the primacy effect 
C)  the recency effect 
D)  context-dependent memory 
A)  chunking 
B)  the primacy effect 
C)  the recency effect 
D)  context-dependent memory

Question 6

The primacy and recency effects are components of the serial position effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Preliminary evidence suggests that levels of physical and mental activity are both _____ correlated with the severity of the cognitive decline seen in Alzheimer's disease.

Accepted Answer

A)  perfectly 
B)  positively 
C)  weakly 
D)  negatively 
A)  perfectly 
B)  positively 
C)  weakly 
D)  negatively

Question 8

Flashbulb memories:

Accepted Answer

A)  typically concern major,unexpected public or personal events. 
B)  are remarkably accurate,even years after the initial event. 
C)  must be due to special encoding mechanisms for emotionally charged events. 
D)  are generally less accurate than memories for more mundane events,because of the emotion surrounding the original event. 
A)  typically concern major,unexpected public or personal events. 
B)  are remarkably accurate,even years after the initial event. 
C)  must be due to special encoding mechanisms for emotionally charged events. 
D)  are generally less accurate than memories for more mundane events,because of the emotion surrounding the original event.

Question 9

Declarative memory is to nondeclarative memory as _____ memory is to _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit; explicit 
B)  semantic; episodic 
C)  explicit; implicit 
D)  episodic; semantic 
A)  implicit; explicit 
B)  semantic; episodic 
C)  explicit; implicit 
D)  episodic; semantic

Question 10

Julaine and Trystan are taking a political science midterm.The test covers five chapters.Yesterday,Julaine studied all five chapters in an 8-hour marathon session.Trystan studied the material over a 5-day period,for just over 90 minutes each day.All else being equal,which student is likely to perform best on the test,and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Julaine should outperform Trystan,because massed practice is superior to distributed practice. 
B)  Trystan should outperform Julaine,because distributed practice is superior to massed practice. 
C)  Julaine should outperform Trystan,because distributed practice is superior to massed practice. 
D)  Trystan should outperform Julaine,because massed practice is superior to distributed practice. 
A)  Julaine should outperform Trystan,because massed practice is superior to distributed practice. 
B)  Trystan should outperform Julaine,because distributed practice is superior to massed practice. 
C)  Julaine should outperform Trystan,because distributed practice is superior to massed practice. 
D)  Trystan should outperform Julaine,because massed practice is superior to distributed practice.

Question 11

In Godden and Baddeley's (1975)pioneering "scuba diver" study of the encoding specificity principle,the match between encoding and retrieval contexts is a(n)_____ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental 
B)  independent 
C)  control 
D)  dependent 
A)  experimental 
B)  independent 
C)  control 
D)  dependent

Question 12

Which statement accurately captures the relationship among the types of long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Episodic and semantic memory are both components of procedural memory. 
B)  Episodic and semantic memory are both components of explicit memory. 
C)  Explicit and semantic memory are both types of episodic memory. 
D)  Explicit and semantic memory are both types of procedural memory. 
A)  Episodic and semantic memory are both components of procedural memory. 
B)  Episodic and semantic memory are both components of explicit memory. 
C)  Explicit and semantic memory are both types of episodic memory. 
D)  Explicit and semantic memory are both types of procedural memory.

Question 13

In one study described in the textbook,Dewar and colleagues (2012)examined participants' retention of newly-learned material.Some participants experienced a 15-minute period of waking rest after learning the material.Other participants played a game after learning.The authors concluded that the waking-rest participants outperformed the games participants because:

Accepted Answer

A)  the rest aided encoding. 
B)  the rest prevented interference from newer material. 
C)  the game prevented interference from newer material. 
D)  the game encouraged elaborative encoding. 
A)  the rest aided encoding. 
B)  the rest prevented interference from newer material. 
C)  the game prevented interference from newer material. 
D)  the game encouraged elaborative encoding.

Question 14

One's current emotional state has little impact on the types of memories one retrieves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Chunking information helps to expand the capacity of short-term memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The hippocampus is more involved in encoding than in retrieval.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Estelle remembers a night she was mugged and brutally beaten.This memory probably involves not only her hippocampus,but also her____ because of the emotional nature of the event.

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebellum. 
B)  hypothalamus. 
C)  thalamus. 
D)  amygdala. 
A)  cerebellum. 
B)  hypothalamus. 
C)  thalamus. 
D)  amygdala.

Question 18

Compared with iconic memory,echoic memory:

Accepted Answer

A)  does not last as long. 
B)  is less accurate. 
C)  lasts longer. 
D)  is more accurate. 
A)  does not last as long. 
B)  is less accurate. 
C)  lasts longer. 
D)  is more accurate.

Question 19

At University A,students from all introductory psychology sections take their final examination all at once in a gymnasium.At University B,students from each introductory psychology section take the final exam in the same classroom they attended for lectures during the semester.All else being equal,students at University _____ should perform better,based on the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  A; encoding specificity principle 
B)  A; spacing effect 
C)  B; encoding specificity principle 
D)  B; spacing effect 
A)  A; encoding specificity principle 
B)  A; spacing effect 
C)  B; encoding specificity principle 
D)  B; spacing effect

Question 20

Drew is unable to recall whether Lincoln's head faces left or right on the penny.Which of the following is the BEST explanation for Drew's memory failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  The information is difficult to retrieve,because it is stored along with so many other pieces of information in Drew's long-term memory. 
B)  The information was learned so long ago that it is no longer stored in Drew's long-term memory. 
C)  The information was not encoded because Drew never really paid attention to Lincoln's head on the penny. 
D)  The information was immediately displaced from Drew's working memory after it was encoded. 
A)  The information is difficult to retrieve,because it is stored along with so many other pieces of information in Drew's long-term memory. 
B)  The information was learned so long ago that it is no longer stored in Drew's long-term memory. 
C)  The information was not encoded because Drew never really paid attention to Lincoln's head on the penny. 
D)  The information was immediately displaced from Drew's working memory after it was encoded.

Which statement BEST describes the results of Ebbinghaus work on forgetting?

Cissy looks up a number in the phone book,pushes the book away,and then dials the number.Why does she discourage any interruptions during this process?

Which stage in the information-processing model of memory has the smallest capacity?

General knowledge is to personal experience as episodic memory is to semantic memory.

If Lola begins to list all the classes she's ever taken in college,she will most likely recall her last few classes particularly well.What is this phenomenon called?

The primacy and recency effects are components of the serial position effect.

Preliminary evidence suggests that levels of physical and mental activity are both _____ correlated with the severity of the cognitive decline seen in Alzheimer's disease.

Flashbulb memories:

Declarative memory is to nondeclarative memory as _ memory is to _ memory.

In Godden and Baddeley's (1975)pioneering "scuba diver" study of the encoding specificity principle,the match between encoding and retrieval contexts is a(n)_____ variable.

Which statement accurately captures the relationship among the types of long-term memory?

One's current emotional state has little impact on the types of memories one retrieves.

Chunking information helps to expand the capacity of short-term memory.

The hippocampus is more involved in encoding than in retrieval.

Estelle remembers a night she was mugged and brutally beaten.This memory probably involves not only her hippocampus,but also her____ because of the emotional nature of the event.

Compared with iconic memory,echoic memory:

Drew is unable to recall whether Lincoln's head faces left or right on the penny.Which of the following is the BEST explanation for Drew's memory failure?

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Exam 6: Memory

Which statement BEST describes the results of Ebbinghaus work on forgetting?

Cissy looks up a number in the phone book,pushes the book away,and then dials the number.Why does she discourage any interruptions during this process?

Which stage in the information-processing model of memory has the smallest capacity?

General knowledge is to personal experience as episodic memory is to semantic memory.

If Lola begins to list all the classes she's ever taken in college,she will most likely recall her last few classes particularly well.What is this phenomenon called?

The primacy and recency effects are components of the serial position effect.

Preliminary evidence suggests that levels of physical and mental activity are both _____ correlated with the severity of the cognitive decline seen in Alzheimer's disease.

Flashbulb memories:

Declarative memory is to nondeclarative memory as _____ memory is to _____ memory.

In Godden and Baddeley's (1975)pioneering "scuba diver" study of the encoding specificity principle,the match between encoding and retrieval contexts is a(n)_____ variable.

Which statement accurately captures the relationship among the types of long-term memory?

One's current emotional state has little impact on the types of memories one retrieves.

Chunking information helps to expand the capacity of short-term memory.

The hippocampus is more involved in encoding than in retrieval.

Estelle remembers a night she was mugged and brutally beaten.This memory probably involves not only her hippocampus,but also her____ because of the emotional nature of the event.

Compared with iconic memory,echoic memory:

Drew is unable to recall whether Lincoln's head faces left or right on the penny.Which of the following is the BEST explanation for Drew's memory failure?

Introduction and Research Methods

Biology and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Cognition,language,and Intelligence

Human Development

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Stress and Health

Psychological Disorders

Psychological Therapies

Social Psychology

Filters

Declarative memory is to nondeclarative memory as _ memory is to _ memory.