Exam 1: The Science of Psychology

A scientist, conducting a research study on sleep and learning, questions her own objectivity and decides to let a third person, not associated with conducting the experiment, score the tests. The scientist is probably trying to eliminate ________ bias.

A boy is taught to fear a rat by pairing the rat with a frightening noise. This is an example of ________.

The oldest of the modern schools of psychology is cognitive psychology.

Each of the following is a basic principle of the APA's code of ethics except ________.

The study of Internet users discussed in the text found that heavier users of the Internet showed ________ aspects of social involvement.

In an experiment to assess the effects of a new hay fever drug, two groups are used. One group is given the drug while the second group is given a pill that contains no medicine but looks and tastes exactly like the one containing the drug. The group receiving the nonmedicinal pill is called the ________ group.

Briefly describe Freud's psychoanalytic psychology in terms of its major principles. Explain why Freud's ideas were controversial and describe their impact on psychology.

Explain what feminist psychology is and describe its goals and concerns.

Define correlational research. How is correlational research useful to psychologists? What are the advantages and disadvantages of this type of research?

Among psychologists in recent years, the general shift away from a limited focus on behavior toward a broad interest in mental processes is known as the ________.

The name Pavlov gave to his method for training his dogs was reinforcement.

Naturalistic observation is ________.

An advantage to using naturalistic observation is observer bias.

The psychologist who added the concept of reinforcement to Watson's conditioning model was ________.

Pavlov's famous conditioning experiments involved ________.

The female psychologist who is known for her analysis of how we learn verbal material and her contributions to self-psychology is ________.

A subpopulation of a species, defined according to an identifiable characteristic (i.e., geographic location, skin color, hair texture, genes, facial features) is called ________.

A researcher goes to great lengths to ensure that the proportion of males and females in his study matches the proportion of males and females nationally. He is selecting a ________ sample.

Compare and contrast Watson's behaviorism with that of B. F. Skinner, focusing on the specific techniques used by each approach. Describe Pavlov's research and identify its role in the development of behaviorism.

________ psychologists tend to see the mind as a general purpose computer that requires software (experience) to process information.