Exam 1: The Science of Psychology

Someone who is attracted to members of the opposite sex has a(n) ________ orientation.

A detailed, well-researched biography of a famous historical person is technically an example of the ________ method of research.

The variable selected and manipulated systematically in an experiment is called the ________ variable.

Discuss the importance of sampling in research. What are the major research issues involved in sampling and what can a researcher do to overcome many of the obstacles to proper sampling?

A scientist trains dogs to salivate to the sound of a buzzer by pairing the buzzer's sound with the presence of food. This technique is called ________.

Skinner added a new element to conditioning called ________.

A group of psychologists is attempting to determine what causes some people to be optimistic and sociable, while others are pessimistic and reserved. They are most likely to be ________ psychologists.

Psychologists study animal behavior in order to shed light on human behavior.

Most psychologists agree that psychology, as a science, was born in ________.

The basic units of experience and their combinations were the foundation of ________.

Wilhelm runs an experiment and finds that males with high levels of testosterone tend to be more physically aggressive than males with lower levels of testosterone. This leads him to believe that testosterone has a direct effect on physical aggression in males. Wilhelm's belief is best described as a ________.

Although the American Psychological Association had drawn up a code for ethical behavior in 1953, the issue of ethics was raised again in 1963 when ________.

Which of the following is not true of naturalistic observation?

A therapist has you lie on a couch and describe your dreams, and say whatever comes into your mind. This therapist is most similar in approach to ________.

Confronted with a figure like ======>, a Gestalt psychologist would describe it as ________.

The research method used by Jean Piaget in developing his comprehensive theory of cognitive development was the ________ method.

According to James, the atoms of experience (pure sensations without associations) ________.

Explain the difference between gender and sex. Also, discuss what gender roles and gender stereotypes are and explain why they are important.

Which of the following pairs is associated with the earliest development of behaviorism?

People began to apply the scientific method to questions about behavior and mental processes in the late ________.