Exam 1: The Science of Psychology

Twenty years ago, most psychology textbooks described psychology as the "study of behavior." Today, most of these describe psychology as the "study of behavior and mental processes." This definitional change can in large part be attributed to the impact of ________ psychology.

A ________ is a medical doctor with four years of medical training and three years of residency training (spent mostly in supervised clinical practice).

Positive psychologists argue that psychology should abandon its focus on healing abnormal behavior and instead focus on "wellness."

________ theory has often been referred to as the "third force" in psychology, beyond Freudian theory and behaviorism.

Wundt used the term ________ to describe his view of psychology.

A group of students was asked to write an essay in support of the legalization of marijuana. They were paid $.50 each. Another group of students received $2.00 each for performing the same task. It was subsequently found that those students who received only $.50 each developed a more positive attitude toward the legalization of marijuana. The researcher in this study was using the ________ method of research.

The school of thought that became known as behaviorism was founded by ________.

Researchers have found that people tend to be less inhibited in their behavior and take greater risks when they are in a group than when they are alone. Of the following mental health professionals, ________ psychologists would probably have the most interest in these findings.

At the beginning of the 20^th century, most university psychology programs were located in ________.

Watson taught Little Albert to fear a white rat by pairing the rat with ________.

When we see a painting by Georges Seurat, the famous French impressionist, we tend to experience it as a rendering of a lovely landscape rather than as the series of separate, differently colored dots of which the painting is actually composed. This phenomenon illustrates an important point made by ________.

In an experiment, a researcher manipulates one variable to see how it affects a second variable. The second variable, which is observed for any possible effects, is called the ________ variable.

Psychiatrists differ from clinical psychologists in that ________.

Behaviorism never dominated academic psychology in the United States.

James argued that consciousness ________.

A research method in which the real-life behavior of a pre-selected individual or a few individuals is studied at an in-depth level for some time through the use of observation, interviews, and writings (such as letters) is the ________ method of research.

Define critical thinking and explain why it is important. In your discussion, describe five strategies employed by psychologists in questioning assumptions and examining data.

Identify and briefly describe at least four major benefits of studying psychology.

Wilhelm runs an experiment and finds that males with high levels of testosterone tend to be more physically aggressive than males with lower levels of testosterone. This leads him to believe that testosterone has a direct effect on physical aggression in males. Wilhelm's belief is best described as a ________.

Titchener wanted to strip perception of its associations in order to find ________.