Exam 1: The Science of Psychology

A researcher goes to great lengths to ensure that the proportion of males and females in his study matches the proportion of males and females nationally. He is selecting a ________ sample.

The two schools of thought that paved the way for the cognitive revolution in psychology in the 1960s were ________.

Define "Gestalt." Describe the Gestalt movement, listing its major developers and identifying its major concepts. How did Gestalt theory differ from structuralism?

Köhler, Wertheimer, and Koffka are all most closely associated with the Gestalt school of psychology.

The most prominent school in contemporary scientific psychology is ________ psychology.

According to Wundt, the mind should be studied ________.

A young man is suspected of blowing up a Federal building in Oklahoma City in order to get even with the Federal government for its actions two years earlier against the Branch Davidian cult in Waco, Texas. Of the following professionals, ________ psychologists would probably have the least interest in that event.

According to James, the atoms of experience (pure sensations without associations) ________.

A male who seeks help for depression is told that the way to overcome the depression is to improve his self-esteem and self-expression, to seek out peak experiences and achieve self-actualization. This approach is most similar to that of ________ psychology.

B. F. Skinner is associated with ________.

The study of Internet users discussed in the text found that heavier users of the Internet showed ________ in self-reported feelings of loneliness and depression.

The term "ethnicity" refers to ________ heritage.

The expectations of a researcher that might distort or influence his or her interpretation of what he or she actually observed is called ________.

Pavlov's famous conditioning experiments involved ________.

The term psychology is defined by your text as the "science of behavior and mental processes." According to your text, the key word in that definition is ________.

In a controlled experiment, the group not subjected to a change in the independent variable, and used for comparison with the group receiving the experimental change, is the ________ group.

The most controversial of psychology's pioneers is ________.

Explain what surveys are and how they overcome some of the shortcomings of case studies. What are some of the specific advantages and disadvantages of this type of research?

A scientist trains dogs to salivate to the sound of a buzzer by pairing the buzzer's sound with the presence of food. This technique is called ________.

Which of the following is not true of the study of Internet users discussed in the text?