Exam 7: Learning and Conditioning

Kyla wants to make sure that her dog Axel does not beg for food from the table. Every time that Axel begs, Kyla says, "No," in a sharp, scolding voice and she never gives in. Kyla is using ________.

What is the distinction between primary and secondary reinforcers?

Which of the following statements is true of the American psychologist B. F. Skinner?

Gerald has recently moved to the big city and takes the bus to work each day. One day he borrows a friend's car and drives in the city for the first time. Gerald has no problem finding his way to work because he has learned the route through:

For classical conditioning to be most effective, the stimulus to be conditioned should:

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

In classical conditioning, ________ occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.

Ivan Pavlov studied the reflexive flow of saliva in dogs. He used meat powder or other food to trigger the salivation. It was later observed that the salivation in the dog was triggered when the dog saw its dog dish, even before the food was placed in it. In this instance, the dog dish is the ________.

Punishment occurs every day in families, schools, and workplaces. But often the intended results fail to occur. Explain, in detail, six reasons why punishment fails. When punishment must be used, what guidelines should be followed?

Higher-order conditioning may contribute to the formation of:

Ivan Pavlov studied the reflexive flow of saliva in dogs. He used meat powder or other food to trigger the salivation. It was later observed that the salivation in the dog was triggered when the dog saw its dog dish, even before the food was placed in it. In this instance, the dog dish is the ________.

Geoff's friends tease him for visiting the public library during summer holidays. As a result, Geoff stops visiting the library. In this example, the teasing acted as:

Ivan Pavlov studied the reflexive flow of saliva in dogs. He used meat powder to trigger the salivation. It was later observed that the salivation occurred even before the food was placed in its mouth-at the sight of the food dish. The food dish acted as a(n) ________.