Exam 7: Learning and Conditioning

Individuals being treated for cancer may develop nausea when they arrive at the place where they have been receiving chemotherapy. In this case, the conditioned stimulus is ________.

If a rat has learned to press a lever to obtain pellets of food and, all of a sudden, the response permanently ceases to produce any food, then _______ will occur.

Robert Rescorla said that a stimulus must reliably _______________ an unconditioned stimulus for the stimulus to begin eliciting conditioned responding.

Food and water are examples of ________.

During operant learning, the tendency for an organism to revert to innate, species-specific behaviours is called ________.

For classical conditioning to be most effective, the stimulus to be conditioned should:

Ivan Pavlov studied the reflexive flow of saliva in dogs. He used meat powder or other food to trigger the salivation. In this instance, the meat powder was the ________.

The difference between a reinforcer and a punisher is that:

B. F. Skinner rigged the cages of eight pigeons so that food was delivered every 15 seconds. Within a short time, most of the pigeons were practising some sort of consistent ritual, even though the ritual did not have the least effect on the delivery of the reinforcer. The birds were ________.

_______________ is a procedure in which a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through association with an already established conditioned stimulus.

Which of the following portrays an intrinsic reinforcer?

Which of the following schools of thought heavily influenced the study of learning in the twentieth century?

Based on his observations of cats in puzzle boxes, Thorndike concluded that:

In Watson and Rayner's "Little Albert" study, each time the rat was presented to the boy it was accompanied by a loud noise. In this experiment, Albert's reaction of fear upon hearing the loud noise was the ________.

Evolutionary psychologists note that humans are primed to be susceptible to certain kinds of acquired fears. Explain why this would be adaptive.

In operant conditioning, when a response is first acquired, learning is usually most rapid if the response is reinforced:

William takes an aspirin to relieve a minor headache. This is an example of ________.

Ivan Pavlov studied the reflexive flow of saliva in dogs. He used meat powder or other food to trigger the salivation. It was later observed that the salivation in the dog was triggered even before the food was placed in its mouth. In this experiment, ________ was the unconditioned stimulus.

Which of the following is true about the use of extrinsic versus intrinsic rewards?

In classical conditioning, ________ occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.