Question 1

The tendency to keep using the same strategy over and over again when trying to solve a problem is known as functional fixedness.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

What occurs when people's belief about whether an outcome will occur changes depending on how alternative outcomes are distributed, even though the summed probability of the alternative outcomes is held constant?

Accepted Answer

A)  mental set 
B)  belief perseverance 
C)  the conjunction fallacy 
D)  alternative outcomes effect 
A)  mental set 
B)  belief perseverance 
C)  the conjunction fallacy 
D)  alternative outcomes effect D

Question 3

The tendency to overestimate the probability of improbable events reflects the influence of the

Accepted Answer

A)  gambler's heuristic. 
B)  representativeness heuristic. 
C)  availability heuristic. 
D)  conjunction heuristic. 
A)  gambler's heuristic. 
B)  representativeness heuristic. 
C)  availability heuristic. 
D)  conjunction heuristic. C

Question 4

Summarize the effects of bilingualism on language and cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

There is little empirical support for th

Question 5

Which of the following heuristics has been shown by evolutionary psychologists to be both simple and surprisingly effective?

Accepted Answer

A)  recognition heuristic 
B)  representativeness heuristic 
C)  trial and error heuristic 
D)  availability heuristic 
A)  recognition heuristic 
B)  representativeness heuristic 
C)  trial and error heuristic 
D)  availability heuristic

Question 6

Attempting possible solutions to a problem, then discarding the ones that don't work until you find one that does, is called the ____________________ method of problem solving.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Attempting possible solutions to a problem, then...

Question 7

Basing the estimate of an event on how similar it is to the prototype of that event is called

Accepted Answer

A)  the law of small numbers. 
B)  the conjunction fallacy. 
C)  the representativeness heuristic. 
D)  the availability heuristic. 
A)  the law of small numbers. 
B)  the conjunction fallacy. 
C)  the representativeness heuristic. 
D)  the availability heuristic.

Question 8

When people must choose between two alternatives, and they recognize one alternative but not the other, they often infer that the alternative they recognize has the higher value. This decision-making heuristic is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  representativeness heuristic. 
B)  recognition heuristic. 
C)  framing heuristic. 
D)  conjunction heuristic. 
A)  representativeness heuristic. 
B)  recognition heuristic. 
C)  framing heuristic. 
D)  conjunction heuristic.

Question 9

The ____________________ is the belief that the odds of an uncertain event increase when the event has not occurred recently.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ____________________ is the belief that the...

Question 10

Name and describe the three types of problems identified by Greeno (1978), and indicate which of the six approaches to problem solving discussed in your text would be helpful and unhelpful in solving each type of problem.

Accepted Answer

Problems of inducing structure: The subj

Question 11

Briefly describe the key characteristics of language?

Accepted Answer

Languages are symbolic, generative and s

Question 12

For a given individual, the personal worth of an uncertain outcome represents that outcome's ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For a given individual, the personal worth...

Question 13

____________________ is the area of language concerned with understanding the meaning of words and word combinations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ is the area of language concerned...

Question 14

Semantic slanting refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  using an ethnic slur. 
B)  labeling and categorizing other groups of people. 
C)  deliberately choosing words to create a specific behavioral response. 
D)  deliberately choosing words to create a specific emotional response. 
A)  using an ethnic slur. 
B)  labeling and categorizing other groups of people. 
C)  deliberately choosing words to create a specific behavioral response. 
D)  deliberately choosing words to create a specific emotional response.

Question 15

Barriers to effective problem solving, such as functional fixedness and mental sets, BEST reflect the unifying theme in psychology that

Accepted Answer

A)  behavior is shaped by cultural heritage. 
B)  psychology is empirical. 
C)  heredity and environment jointly influence behavior. 
D)  people's experience of the world is highly subjective. 
A)  behavior is shaped by cultural heritage. 
B)  psychology is empirical. 
C)  heredity and environment jointly influence behavior. 
D)  people's experience of the world is highly subjective.

Question 16

Research on bilingualism suggests that if a language acquisition device (LAD) exists, the LAD is most effective in allowing a person to easily learn a second language

Accepted Answer

A)  in early infancy. 
B)  in childhood. 
C)  at any age from infancy through middle adulthood. 
D)  the LAD only influences the acquisition of an individual's first or native language. 
A)  in early infancy. 
B)  in childhood. 
C)  at any age from infancy through middle adulthood. 
D)  the LAD only influences the acquisition of an individual's first or native language.

Question 17

In the Featured Study on intuitive decisions versus careful deliberation, the researchers found that when people are faced with complex choices, they tend to make better decisions

Accepted Answer

A)  if they make intuitive decisions. 
B)  if they use careful deliberation. 
C)  when they focus only on the attributes that have high subjective utility. 
D)  when they delay the decision as long as possible. 
A)  if they make intuitive decisions. 
B)  if they use careful deliberation. 
C)  when they focus only on the attributes that have high subjective utility. 
D)  when they delay the decision as long as possible.

Question 18

To solve the "string problem" described in the text, you have to catch the screwdriver while holding the second string. This ____ problem is often solved in a burst of ____ when a person overcomes ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  transformation; insight; heuristic constraints 
B)  arrangement; intuition; confirmation bias 
C)  arrangement; insight; functional fixedness 
D)  transformation; intuition; mental set 
A)  transformation; insight; heuristic constraints 
B)  arrangement; intuition; confirmation bias 
C)  arrangement; insight; functional fixedness 
D)  transformation; intuition; mental set

Question 19

When people decide to place bets on horse races, games of chance, and athletic events, they are

Accepted Answer

A)  playing the odds. 
B)  making foolish decisions. 
C)  making risky decisions. 
D)  making preference decisions. 
A)  playing the odds. 
B)  making foolish decisions. 
C)  making risky decisions. 
D)  making preference decisions.

Question 20

Zackary's friend asks how well Zackary gets along with his younger brother. Zackary thinks about how irritating his younger brother was yesterday, and the big fight they had as a result, and tells his friend that he doesn't get along with his brother at all. In this instance, Zackary's response is consistent with

Accepted Answer

A)  the availability heuristic. 
B)  the representativeness heuristic. 
C)  the conjunction fallacy. 
D)  the hindsight bias. 
A)  the availability heuristic. 
B)  the representativeness heuristic. 
C)  the conjunction fallacy. 
D)  the hindsight bias.

Exam 16: Language and Thought Part 2

The tendency to keep using the same strategy over and over again when trying to solve a problem is known as functional fixedness.

What occurs when people's belief about whether an outcome will occur changes depending on how alternative outcomes are distributed, even though the summed probability of the alternative outcomes is held constant?

The tendency to overestimate the probability of improbable events reflects the influence of the

Summarize the effects of bilingualism on language and cognitive development.

Which of the following heuristics has been shown by evolutionary psychologists to be both simple and surprisingly effective?

Attempting possible solutions to a problem, then discarding the ones that don't work until you find one that does, is called the ____________________ method of problem solving.

Basing the estimate of an event on how similar it is to the prototype of that event is called

When people must choose between two alternatives, and they recognize one alternative but not the other, they often infer that the alternative they recognize has the higher value. This decision-making heuristic is called the

The ____________________ is the belief that the odds of an uncertain event increase when the event has not occurred recently.

Name and describe the three types of problems identified by Greeno (1978), and indicate which of the six approaches to problem solving discussed in your text would be helpful and unhelpful in solving each type of problem.

Briefly describe the key characteristics of language?

For a given individual, the personal worth of an uncertain outcome represents that outcome's ____________________.

____________________ is the area of language concerned with understanding the meaning of words and word combinations.

Semantic slanting refers to

Barriers to effective problem solving, such as functional fixedness and mental sets, BEST reflect the unifying theme in psychology that

Research on bilingualism suggests that if a language acquisition device (LAD) exists, the LAD is most effective in allowing a person to easily learn a second language

In the Featured Study on intuitive decisions versus careful deliberation, the researchers found that when people are faced with complex choices, they tend to make better decisions

To solve the "string problem" described in the text, you have to catch the screwdriver while holding the second string. This ____ problem is often solved in a burst of ____ when a person overcomes ____.

When people decide to place bets on horse races, games of chance, and athletic events, they are

The Evolution of Psychology Part 1

The Evolution of Psychology Part 2

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 1

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 2

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 1

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 2

Sensation and Perception Part 1

Sensation and Perception Part 2

Variations in Consciousness Part 1

Variations in Consciousness Part 2

Learning Part 1

Learning Part 2

Human Memory Part 1

Human Memory Part 2

Language and Thought Part 1

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 1

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 2

Motivation and Emotion Part 1

Motivation and Emotion Part 2

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 1

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 2

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 1

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 2

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 1

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 2

Psychological Disorders Part 1

Psychological Disorders Part 2

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 1

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 2

Social Behavior Part 1

Social Behavior Part 2

Careers in Psychology

Industrialorganizational Psychology

Statistical Methods

Filters

To solve the "string problem" described in the text, you have to catch the screwdriver while holding the second string. This problem is often solved in a burst of when a person overcomes .