Question 1

Overregularizations occur when children incorrectly use a word to describe a wider set of objects or actions than it is meant to.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Even though he knows only a small percentage of high school athletes go on to professional careers, Charlie believes that he will receive a scholarship to play football in college and then will have a career in the NFL. Charlie is

Accepted Answer

A)  not applying base rates to himself. 
B)  applying base rates to himself. 
C)  not applying the conjunction fallacy. 
D)  applying the conjunction fallacy. 
A)  not applying base rates to himself. 
B)  applying base rates to himself. 
C)  not applying the conjunction fallacy. 
D)  applying the conjunction fallacy.

Question 3

When faced with having to choose among numerous alternatives, most persons will use

Accepted Answer

A)  an elimination by aspects approach. 
B)  an additive approach. 
C)  a means/end analysis. 
D)  a subjective-utility model. 
A)  an elimination by aspects approach. 
B)  an additive approach. 
C)  a means/end analysis. 
D)  a subjective-utility model.

Question 4

Maribel is on a jury, and she is already convinced that the defendant in the case is not guilty. She listens very attentively to everything the defense attorneys have to say, but she tends to pay less attention when the prosecution is presenting evidence. In this instance, Maribel is showing evidence of

Accepted Answer

A)  a confirmation bias. 
B)  the conjunction fallacy. 
C)  the base-rate fallacy. 
D)  the overconfidence effect. 
A)  a confirmation bias. 
B)  the conjunction fallacy. 
C)  the base-rate fallacy. 
D)  the overconfidence effect.

Question 5

Compare and contrast the behaviorist, nativist, and interactionist perspectives on language acquisition.

Accepted Answer

According to the behavioral approach chi

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic properties of language?

Accepted Answer

A)  generative 
B)  symbolic 
C)  structured 
D)  alphabetical 
A)  generative 
B)  symbolic 
C)  structured 
D)  alphabetical

Question 7

According to dual-process theories of decision-making, when complicated or important decisions need to be made people use

Accepted Answer

A)  dumb and dumber strategies. 
B)  fast and frugal strategies. 
C)  intuitive strategies. 
D)  rule-governed strategies. 
A)  dumb and dumber strategies. 
B)  fast and frugal strategies. 
C)  intuitive strategies. 
D)  rule-governed strategies.

Question 8

Emergentist perspectives on language acquisition argue that the neural circuits supporting language are prewired and that their functions emerge gradually in response to language learning experiences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The availability heuristic involves basing the estimated probability of an event on

Accepted Answer

A)  how long it has been since the event last occurred. 
B)  how similar it is to the prototype of that event. 
C)  whether the event occurs in combination with another event. 
D)  the ease with which relevant instances of the event come to mind. 
A)  how long it has been since the event last occurred. 
B)  how similar it is to the prototype of that event. 
C)  whether the event occurs in combination with another event. 
D)  the ease with which relevant instances of the event come to mind.

Question 10

Outline the key properties of language, and use these to evaluate the ape-language controversy.

Accepted Answer

Language is symbolic, and thus allows us

Question 11

Framing refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the way in which the alternatives in a decision problem are presented. 
B)  structuring decision problems in a manner that will lead to poor decisions. 
C)  presenting only part of the information required to make a decision. 
D)  presenting information that has no direct bearing on the decision problem at hand. 
A)  the way in which the alternatives in a decision problem are presented. 
B)  structuring decision problems in a manner that will lead to poor decisions. 
C)  presenting only part of the information required to make a decision. 
D)  presenting information that has no direct bearing on the decision problem at hand.

Question 12

Mr. and Mrs. Jones have five daughters. Hoping for a son, they decide to have a sixth child, reasoning that a boy is long overdue. Is their reasoning correct, and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes - the greater the number of girls a couple has had, the greater the likelihood that the next will be a boy 
B)  Yes - after having so many daughters, a boy is almost a sure thing 
C)  No - it is more likely that Mr. and Mrs. Jones will continue to produce girls 
D)  No - the probability of a son is unaffected by the sex of the previous children 
A)  Yes - the greater the number of girls a couple has had, the greater the likelihood that the next will be a boy 
B)  Yes - after having so many daughters, a boy is almost a sure thing 
C)  No - it is more likely that Mr. and Mrs. Jones will continue to produce girls 
D)  No - the probability of a son is unaffected by the sex of the previous children

Question 13

A toddler's vocabulary grows rapidly between 18-24 months, as children engage in ____________________, or mapping a word onto an underlying concept after only one exposure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A toddler's vocabulary grows rapidly between 18-24...

Question 14

When people are seeking gains, they are ____ to make risky decisions than when they are attempting to cut their losses.

Accepted Answer

A)  less likely 
B)  more likely 
C)  equally likely 
D)  less likely if female but more likely if male 
A)  less likely 
B)  more likely 
C)  equally likely 
D)  less likely if female but more likely if male

Question 15

Research suggests that people tend to ____ how much regret they will experience as a result of a poor decision.

Accepted Answer

A)  fail to consider 
B)  underestimate 
C)  accurately assess 
D)  overestimate 
A)  fail to consider 
B)  underestimate 
C)  accurately assess 
D)  overestimate

Question 16

Based on past experience, Sue decides not to take her two five-year-old grandsons to the movies at the same time. Sue is using which decision-making strategy?

Accepted Answer

A)  availability heuristic 
B)  representativeness heuristic 
C)  conjunction heuristic 
D)  gambler's heuristic 
A)  availability heuristic 
B)  representativeness heuristic 
C)  conjunction heuristic 
D)  gambler's heuristic

Question 17

Kahneman and Tversky (1984) concluded that people are much more likely to take risks when

Accepted Answer

A)  they are not asked to provide rationales for their choices. 
B)  seeking to cut their losses. 
C)  the issue is framed in terms of probability of success. 
D)  the probability of success is equal to the probability of failure. 
A)  they are not asked to provide rationales for their choices. 
B)  seeking to cut their losses. 
C)  the issue is framed in terms of probability of success. 
D)  the probability of success is equal to the probability of failure.

Question 18

Based on the results from the Featured Study on intuitive decisions versus careful deliberation, if an individual is faced with a complex decision you should encourage the individual to

Accepted Answer

A)  use conscious, careful deliberation. 
B)  focus on the way the decision is framed. 
C)  make an unconscious, intuitive decision. 
D)  delay the decision for as long as possible. 
A)  use conscious, careful deliberation. 
B)  focus on the way the decision is framed. 
C)  make an unconscious, intuitive decision. 
D)  delay the decision for as long as possible.

Question 19

Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  overestimating the improbable. 
B)  the conjunction fallacy. 
C)  the gambler's fallacy. 
D)  the confirmation bias. 
A)  overestimating the improbable. 
B)  the conjunction fallacy. 
C)  the gambler's fallacy. 
D)  the confirmation bias.

Question 20

Infant vocalizations that consist of repetitive consonant-vowel combinations such as "lalalalalala" are known as ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Infant vocalizations that consist of repetitive consonant-vowel...

Exam 16: Language and Thought Part 2

Overregularizations occur when children incorrectly use a word to describe a wider set of objects or actions than it is meant to.

Even though he knows only a small percentage of high school athletes go on to professional careers, Charlie believes that he will receive a scholarship to play football in college and then will have a career in the NFL. Charlie is

When faced with having to choose among numerous alternatives, most persons will use

Compare and contrast the behaviorist, nativist, and interactionist perspectives on language acquisition.

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic properties of language?

According to dual-process theories of decision-making, when complicated or important decisions need to be made people use

Emergentist perspectives on language acquisition argue that the neural circuits supporting language are prewired and that their functions emerge gradually in response to language learning experiences.

The availability heuristic involves basing the estimated probability of an event on

Outline the key properties of language, and use these to evaluate the ape-language controversy.

Framing refers to

Mr. and Mrs. Jones have five daughters. Hoping for a son, they decide to have a sixth child, reasoning that a boy is long overdue. Is their reasoning correct, and why?

A toddler's vocabulary grows rapidly between 18-24 months, as children engage in ____________________, or mapping a word onto an underlying concept after only one exposure.

When people are seeking gains, they are ____ to make risky decisions than when they are attempting to cut their losses.

Research suggests that people tend to ____ how much regret they will experience as a result of a poor decision.

Based on past experience, Sue decides not to take her two five-year-old grandsons to the movies at the same time. Sue is using which decision-making strategy?

Kahneman and Tversky (1984) concluded that people are much more likely to take risks when

Based on the results from the Featured Study on intuitive decisions versus careful deliberation, if an individual is faced with a complex decision you should encourage the individual to

Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to

Infant vocalizations that consist of repetitive consonant-vowel combinations such as "lalalalalala" are known as ____________________.

The Evolution of Psychology Part 1

The Evolution of Psychology Part 2

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 1

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 2

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 1

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 2

Sensation and Perception Part 1

Sensation and Perception Part 2

Variations in Consciousness Part 1

Variations in Consciousness Part 2

Learning Part 1

Learning Part 2

Human Memory Part 1

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Language and Thought Part 1

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 1

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 2

Motivation and Emotion Part 1

Motivation and Emotion Part 2

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 1

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 2

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 1

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 2

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 1

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 2

Psychological Disorders Part 1

Psychological Disorders Part 2

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 1

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 2

Social Behavior Part 1

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