Exam 16: Language and Thought Part 2

Malcolm has been watching a roulette-type game at a local charity bazaar. The game has only ten numbers on the wheel, and every number except 8 has come up as a winner during the last 15 minutes. Malcolm decides to bet $10 on number 8, because it has to come up eventually. In this case, Malcolm is showing evidence of

A local grocer wanted to cut down on the use of credit cards in his store. He found his business declined significantly when he imposed a "surcharge" for credit card sales. However, his business boomed when he offered "rebates" for cash sales, even though customers paid the same amount for products in both cases. This situation illustrates the impact of

Evolutionary psychology suggest that the human mind is wired to think in terms of

According to Gigerenzer (1997), the human mind is wired to think in terms of

Elisa is entering survey data from adult males in a research study. One respondent has listed his height as 6 feet 5 inches, but the occupation is hard to decipher. Elisa thinks it might be basketball player or bank president. She decides to enter basketball player as the occupation. In this case, Elisa

When people are attempting to cut their losses, they are ____________________ to make risky decisions than when they are seeking gains.

Arguing from an evolutionary perspective, Gigerenzer suggests that humans' reasoning largely depends on

Using PET scans, Taglialatela and colleagues concluded that the neurological substrates underlying language are not present in chimpanzees.

Walter mistakenly estimates that the probability of two separate events occurring at the same time is higher than the probability of either event occurring on its own. Walter's mistake is an example of

One of the implications of having a confirmation bias is that

Research suggests that when making a decision involving relatively few options, people tend to use

Joe is betting Jim on whether a tossed coin will land on heads or tails. Joe has bet heads the last four times and has lost each time. If on the next toss he bets heads again and says, "It's got to be heads, heads is overdue" his reasoning illustrates the

The representativeness heuristic causes people to think that families with four children are more likely to have

Juliana used to enjoy eating chicken, but since she has seen all the headlines about people becoming ill from eating chicken, she has decided she will never eat chicken again. In this case, Juliana's decision to stop eating chicken may have been influenced by

Fred needs major heart surgery, and he has consulted with two doctors about the operation. Dr. Marx tells Fred he has a 90% chance of surviving the surgery; Dr. Scalli tells Fred there is a 10% chance that he won't survive the surgery. Based on Kahneman and Tversky's research,

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

The fact that people tend to overestimate the improbable has been attributed to the operation of the ____________________.

Jacob is thinking of buying a $1 lottery ticket. In Lottery A, his odds of winning are 1 out of a 1000, and he may win $500. In Lottery B, his odds of winning are 1 out of 5000, but he may win $5000. Based on expected value theory, Jacob should

In the Featured Study on intuitive decisions versus careful deliberation, the researchers found that when decision complexity was low, conscious deliberation was associated with

When people persist in using problem-solving strategies that have worked in the past, they are displaying ____________________.