Question 1

A reinforcement is given for the first response after a variable time interval has elapsed in a(n) ____ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)  FR 
B)  FI 
C)  VR 
D)  VI 
A)  FR 
B)  FI 
C)  VR 
D)  VI

Question 2

Becky has an intense fear of dogs. Her fear dates back to when as a young child she was attacked and bitten by a stray dog. Her dog phobia developed as a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  negative reinforcement. 
A)  operant conditioning. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  negative reinforcement.

Question 3

Anthony classically conditioned his cat to purr whenever the phone rang. One day, the phone rang for nearly two hours straight when Anthony wasn't home, and the cat's conditioned purring response underwent extinction. Today, the response has spontaneously recovered, but if the conditioned purring response were to undergo extinction again Anthony should expect that it will

Accepted Answer

A)  take less time to extinguish than it took for the original extinction. 
B)  take more time to extinguish than it took for the original extinction. 
C)  take the same amount of time to extinguish as it took for the original extinction. 
D)  be impossible to extinguish the response now that spontaneous recovery has occurred. 
A)  take less time to extinguish than it took for the original extinction. 
B)  take more time to extinguish than it took for the original extinction. 
C)  take the same amount of time to extinguish as it took for the original extinction. 
D)  be impossible to extinguish the response now that spontaneous recovery has occurred.

Question 4

The major difference between a CS and a US is

Accepted Answer

A)  the order in which they are presented. 
B)  that one reliably elicits the response of interest prior to conditioning while the other does not. 
C)  that during conditioning the response to one increases while the response to the other decreases. 
D)  the strength of the response that each stimulus elicits. 
A)  the order in which they are presented. 
B)  that one reliably elicits the response of interest prior to conditioning while the other does not. 
C)  that during conditioning the response to one increases while the response to the other decreases. 
D)  the strength of the response that each stimulus elicits.

Question 5

When a researcher only reinforces a designated response some of the time, it is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  primary reinforcement. 
B)  secondary reinforcement. 
C)  continuous reinforcement. 
D)  intermittent reinforcement. 
A)  primary reinforcement. 
B)  secondary reinforcement. 
C)  continuous reinforcement. 
D)  intermittent reinforcement.

Question 6

Darrel was dancing with his new girlfriend at an Elvis tribute. When the band started playing "Can't Help Falling in Love with You" his girlfriend gave him a long passionate kiss, which Darrel found very enjoyable. Now Darrel finds that every time he hears "Can't Help Falling in Love with You" on the radio, he becomes mildly excited. In this example, the long, passionate kiss is

Accepted Answer

A)  a conditioned stimulus. 
B)  an unconditioned response. 
C)  a conditioned response. 
D)  an unconditioned stimulus. 
A)  a conditioned stimulus. 
B)  an unconditioned response. 
C)  a conditioned response. 
D)  an unconditioned stimulus.

Question 7

Skinner demonstrated that organisms tend to repeat responses that are followed by favorable consequences. Skinner termed these favorable consequences

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned stimuli. 
B)  rewards. 
C)  reinforcements. 
D)  bribes. 
A)  unconditioned stimuli. 
B)  rewards. 
C)  reinforcements. 
D)  bribes.

Question 8

Cassie asked her father for a candy bar at the grocery store, and her father bought her the candy bar. If Cassie asks for more candy bars in the future, the candy bar has acted as

Accepted Answer

A)  a discriminative stimulus. 
B)  a reinforcer. 
C)  a conditioned response. 
D)  a conditioned stimulus. 
A)  a discriminative stimulus. 
B)  a reinforcer. 
C)  a conditioned response. 
D)  a conditioned stimulus.

Question 9

In a cumulative record of responses from a Skinner box, a steep slope in the line indicates

Accepted Answer

A)  poorly planned reinforcement contingencies. 
B)  slow responding taking place. 
C)  fast responding taking place. 
D)  extinction has occurred. 
A)  poorly planned reinforcement contingencies. 
B)  slow responding taking place. 
C)  fast responding taking place. 
D)  extinction has occurred.

Question 10

A type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  state-dependent learning. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  operant conditioning. 
D)  observational conditioning. 
A)  state-dependent learning. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  operant conditioning. 
D)  observational conditioning.

Question 11

You are watching a cumulative recorder that is connected to a small disk in a chamber. The pigeon has been trained to peck the disk when a red light is turned on, and not to peck the disk when a green light is turned on. Based on this information, you should observe that when the green light is turned on,

Accepted Answer

A)  the slope of the line on the cumulative recorder will be steeper than when the red light is turned on. 
B)  the pen on the cumulative recorder will start to move downward. 
C)  the slope of the line on the cumulative recorder will be shallower than when the red light is turned on. 
D)  the roll of paper in the cumulative recorder will stop moving. 
A)  the slope of the line on the cumulative recorder will be steeper than when the red light is turned on. 
B)  the pen on the cumulative recorder will start to move downward. 
C)  the slope of the line on the cumulative recorder will be shallower than when the red light is turned on. 
D)  the roll of paper in the cumulative recorder will stop moving.

Question 12

The newest winning numbers in the state lottery are announced on the local television station every Saturday night, at the end of the news hour. People who are watching for the lottery numbers will have their "watching" reinforced on

Accepted Answer

A)  a fixed-ratio schedule. 
B)  a variable-ratio schedule. 
C)  a variable-interval schedule. 
D)  a fixed-interval schedule. 
A)  a fixed-ratio schedule. 
B)  a variable-ratio schedule. 
C)  a variable-interval schedule. 
D)  a fixed-interval schedule.

Question 13

Extinction of an operantly conditioned response occurs when the response

Accepted Answer

A)  is followed by continuous reinforcement. 
B)  is followed by intermittent reinforcement. 
C)  is no longer associated with the CS. 
D)  is no longer followed by reinforcement. 
A)  is followed by continuous reinforcement. 
B)  is followed by intermittent reinforcement. 
C)  is no longer associated with the CS. 
D)  is no longer followed by reinforcement.

Question 14

If you wanted to teach your pet parakeet to give you a kiss on the cheek, which technique would be most effective?

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  higher-order conditioning 
C)  modeling 
D)  shaping 
A)  classical conditioning 
B)  higher-order conditioning 
C)  modeling 
D)  shaping

Question 15

Chimps are trained to perform a variety of tasks to get coins. The coins could then be traded in for banana chips which could be eaten. The coins served as a

Accepted Answer

A)  primary reinforcer. 
B)  negative reinforcer. 
C)  secondary reinforcer. 
D)  partial reinforcer. 
A)  primary reinforcer. 
B)  negative reinforcer. 
C)  secondary reinforcer. 
D)  partial reinforcer.

Question 16

When Lisa was a child, she was bitten by a German Shepard dog in her backyard. Which of the following stimuli is she most likely to demonstrate stimulus generalization to?

Accepted Answer

A)  horses 
B)  a white picket fence 
C)  any dog 
D)  the grass 
A)  horses 
B)  a white picket fence 
C)  any dog 
D)  the grass

Question 17

When Beth goes with her Dad to the grocery store, she always asks him to buy chocolate ice cream. Approximately once a month he will purchase the ice cream. Beth's asking for chocolate ice cream is being reinforced on a ____ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)  variable ratio 
B)  variable interval 
C)  fixed interval 
D)  fixed ratio 
A)  variable ratio 
B)  variable interval 
C)  fixed interval 
D)  fixed ratio

Question 18

When you approach a traffic light and see a red light, you stop. On the other hand, when you approach that same light and see a green light, you continue driving. This example illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus generalization. 
B)  extinction. 
C)  stimulus discrimination. 
D)  spontaneous recovery. 
A)  stimulus generalization. 
B)  extinction. 
C)  stimulus discrimination. 
D)  spontaneous recovery.

Question 19

Danny's skill at hitting a baseball gradually improves as his attempts produce more frequent and longer-distance hits. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  shaping. 
B)  stimulus generalization. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  stimulus discrimination. 
A)  shaping. 
B)  stimulus generalization. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  stimulus discrimination.

Question 20

Operant responses are typically established through a gradual process in which closer and closer approximations of the desired response are reinforced. This process is called

Accepted Answer

A)  modeling. 
B)  shaping. 
C)  discrimination. 
D)  learning. 
A)  modeling. 
B)  shaping. 
C)  discrimination. 
D)  learning.

Exam 11: Learning Part 1

A reinforcement is given for the first response after a variable time interval has elapsed in a(n) ____ schedule.

Becky has an intense fear of dogs. Her fear dates back to when as a young child she was attacked and bitten by a stray dog. Her dog phobia developed as a result of

The major difference between a CS and a US is

When a researcher only reinforces a designated response some of the time, it is referred to as

Skinner demonstrated that organisms tend to repeat responses that are followed by favorable consequences. Skinner termed these favorable consequences

Cassie asked her father for a candy bar at the grocery store, and her father bought her the candy bar. If Cassie asks for more candy bars in the future, the candy bar has acted as

In a cumulative record of responses from a Skinner box, a steep slope in the line indicates

A type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus is known as

The newest winning numbers in the state lottery are announced on the local television station every Saturday night, at the end of the news hour. People who are watching for the lottery numbers will have their "watching" reinforced on

Extinction of an operantly conditioned response occurs when the response

If you wanted to teach your pet parakeet to give you a kiss on the cheek, which technique would be most effective?

Chimps are trained to perform a variety of tasks to get coins. The coins could then be traded in for banana chips which could be eaten. The coins served as a

When Lisa was a child, she was bitten by a German Shepard dog in her backyard. Which of the following stimuli is she most likely to demonstrate stimulus generalization to?

When Beth goes with her Dad to the grocery store, she always asks him to buy chocolate ice cream. Approximately once a month he will purchase the ice cream. Beth's asking for chocolate ice cream is being reinforced on a ____ schedule.

When you approach a traffic light and see a red light, you stop. On the other hand, when you approach that same light and see a green light, you continue driving. This example illustrates

Danny's skill at hitting a baseball gradually improves as his attempts produce more frequent and longer-distance hits. This is an example of

Operant responses are typically established through a gradual process in which closer and closer approximations of the desired response are reinforced. This process is called

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The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 1

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Sensation and Perception Part 1

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Variations in Consciousness Part 1

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