Exam 19: The Autonomic Nervous System

There are two main types of receptors for both acetylcholine (ACh) and for norepinephrine (NE). Give the names of the receptors, the general location of each, and the expected effect of stimulation of each receptor type.

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Question 1

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Receptors for ACh are cholinergic receptors. The two types:
1. nicotinic receptors, located on the dendrites and cell bodies of sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic neurons, lead to excitation of the postsynaptic cell when activated.
2. muscarinic receptors, located on all effectors served by parasympathetic postganglionic neurons, cause excitation of some cells (as in the constriction of the iris), or inhibition of others (as in decreased heart rate and force of contraction) when stimulated. See Table 19.3 for others.
Receptors for NE are adrenergic receptors. The two types are alpha receptors and beta receptors. Both are found on visceral effectors innervated by most sympathetic postganglionic neurons. Alpha receptors tend to be excitatory (as in dilation of the pupil). Beta receptors are excitatory in some locations (as in increased heart rate and force of contraction) and inhibitory in others (as in airway dilation). See table 19.3 for others.

Select the best description of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons:

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Question 2

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Acetylcholine in the autonomic nervous system:

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Question 3

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Activation of nicotinic receptors by acetylcholine (ACh) triggers which response in a postsynaptic cell?

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Question 4

The posterior and lateral portions of the hypothalamus control the _____ division of the autonomic nervous system.

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Question 5

Dual innervation means that an organ is innervated (stimulated) by both the somatic and the autonomic nervous systems.

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Question 6

Select the best description of the thoracic and lumbar lateral gray horns:

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Question 7

The cell bodies of all autonomic nervous system postganglionic axons (fibers) are located in autonomic ganglia.

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Question 8

Autonomic neurons that secrete the neurotransmitter acetylcholine:

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Question 9

Autonomic innervation (stimulation) from the _____ division results in vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the dermis of the skin.

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Question 10

Which of the following statements about the autonomic nervous system is FALSE?

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Question 11

The _____ division of the autonomic nervous system is mostly responsible for regulating restorative, energy-conserving body activities.

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Question 12

Compare and contrast the anatomy of the motor pathways of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system and list the neurotransmitters released at each synapse in each pathway.

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Question 13

In almost all cases, synapses between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division occur either in _ ganglia or in _ ganglia.

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Question 14

Select the best description of the parasympathetic postganglionic neurons:

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Question 15

Preganglionic sympathetic axons (fibers) enter the sympathetic trunk ganglia via white rami communicantes.

(True/False)

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Question 16

A single sympathetic preganglionic axon has many axon collaterals (branches) that can synapse with 20 or more postganglionic neurons. This divergence helps explain how sympathetic responses can affect most body parts simultaneously.

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Question 17

The anterior and medial portions of the hypothalamus control the _____ division of the autonomic nervous system.

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Question 18

Which of the following statements is TRUE for the autonomic nervous system?

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Question 19

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is the specialized network of nerves and ganglia forming a complex, integrated neuronal network within the wall of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and gallbladder ?

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Question 20

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Exam 19: The Autonomic Nervous System

There are two main types of receptors for both acetylcholine (ACh) and for norepinephrine (NE). Give the names of the receptors, the general location of each, and the expected effect of stimulation of each receptor type.

Select the best description of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons:

Acetylcholine in the autonomic nervous system:

Activation of nicotinic receptors by acetylcholine (ACh) triggers which response in a postsynaptic cell?

The posterior and lateral portions of the hypothalamus control the _____ division of the autonomic nervous system.

Dual innervation means that an organ is innervated (stimulated) by both the somatic and the autonomic nervous systems.

Select the best description of the thoracic and lumbar lateral gray horns:

The cell bodies of all autonomic nervous system postganglionic axons (fibers) are located in autonomic ganglia.

Autonomic neurons that secrete the neurotransmitter acetylcholine:

Autonomic innervation (stimulation) from the _____ division results in vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the dermis of the skin.

Which of the following statements about the autonomic nervous system is FALSE?

The _____ division of the autonomic nervous system is mostly responsible for regulating restorative, energy-conserving body activities.

Compare and contrast the anatomy of the motor pathways of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system and list the neurotransmitters released at each synapse in each pathway.

In almost all cases, synapses between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division occur either in _____ ganglia or in _____ ganglia.

Select the best description of the parasympathetic postganglionic neurons:

Preganglionic sympathetic axons (fibers) enter the sympathetic trunk ganglia via white rami communicantes.

A single sympathetic preganglionic axon has many axon collaterals (branches) that can synapse with 20 or more postganglionic neurons. This divergence helps explain how sympathetic responses can affect most body parts simultaneously.

The anterior and medial portions of the hypothalamus control the _____ division of the autonomic nervous system.

Which of the following statements is TRUE for the autonomic nervous system?

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is the specialized network of nerves and ganglia forming a complex, integrated neuronal network within the wall of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and gallbladder ?

An Introduction to the Human Body

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The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

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In almost all cases, synapses between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division occur either in _ ganglia or in _ ganglia.