Question 1

The use of deception in psychological research is:

Accepted Answer

A)  not a serious issue. 
B)  never acceptable. 
C)  generally acceptable when absolutely necessary for the research. 
D)  acceptable only in nonhuman research. 
A)  not a serious issue. 
B)  never acceptable. 
C)  generally acceptable when absolutely necessary for the research. 
D)  acceptable only in nonhuman research.

Question 2

Appeals to authority are generally considered a(n) ____________ kind of evidence because _______________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  reliable; experts know a lot about their subjects 
B)  reliable; experts don't want to ruin their reputations by being wrong 
C)  unreliable; most experts don't know what they are talking about 
D)  unreliable; expertise is not actually evidence 
A)  reliable; experts know a lot about their subjects 
B)  reliable; experts don't want to ruin their reputations by being wrong 
C)  unreliable; most experts don't know what they are talking about 
D)  unreliable; expertise is not actually evidence

Question 3

Which of the following statements describes the amount of cognitive and emotional risk to participants allowed in psychological research today?

Accepted Answer

A)  Any amount of risk is acceptable. 
B)  No amount of risk is acceptable. 
C)  A little risk is always acceptable, but more than minimal risk is never acceptable. 
D)  The amount of acceptable risk depends in part on the likely benefits from the study. 
A)  Any amount of risk is acceptable. 
B)  No amount of risk is acceptable. 
C)  A little risk is always acceptable, but more than minimal risk is never acceptable. 
D)  The amount of acceptable risk depends in part on the likely benefits from the study.

Question 4

Researchers use _________________ to determine whether the difference between groups is statistically significant.

Accepted Answer

A)  correlation coefficients 
B)  descriptive statistics 
C)  hypothesis testing 
D)  vector analysis 
A)  correlation coefficients 
B)  descriptive statistics 
C)  hypothesis testing 
D)  vector analysis

Question 5

Which of the following is not a requirement for informed consent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participants need to know the nature of the stimuli to which they will be exposed. 
B)  Participants need to understand any potential physical, psychological, or social risks involved in the research. 
C)  Participants need to have a face-to-face meeting with the researcher before volunteering. 
D)  Participants need to know the approximate duration of the study. 
A)  Participants need to know the nature of the stimuli to which they will be exposed. 
B)  Participants need to understand any potential physical, psychological, or social risks involved in the research. 
C)  Participants need to have a face-to-face meeting with the researcher before volunteering. 
D)  Participants need to know the approximate duration of the study.

Question 6

Pedro designs an experiment to test whether drinking a protein shake after weightlifting increases muscle development. The independent variable in his experiment is the protein shake.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A teacher is disappointed to find that most of her students' test scores are clustered together at the low end of the grading scale, with only a few students having high grades. If she was to graph the distribution, what shape would it have?

Accepted Answer

A)  normal 
B)  positively skewed 
C)  negatively skewed 
D)  central 
A)  normal 
B)  positively skewed 
C)  negatively skewed 
D)  central

Question 8

_______________ designs are the only research method that can provide strong evidence for cause-and-effect relationships.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______________ designs are the only research method...

Question 9

Dr. Kwan's hypothesizes that allowing factory employees to listen to music while working will improve productivity. After conducting the experiment, Dr. Kwan finds that the group of participants who were allowed to listen to music was more productive than the group who did not, but this difference was not statistically significant. What should Dr. Kwan conclude about the difference between the two groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  It supports his hypothesis. 
B)  He is likely to find the same effect if he replicated the study. 
C)  There is an unacceptable chance that the difference is due to random chance. 
D)  The experiment was biased. 
A)  It supports his hypothesis. 
B)  He is likely to find the same effect if he replicated the study. 
C)  There is an unacceptable chance that the difference is due to random chance. 
D)  The experiment was biased.

Question 10

A psychologist, studying pilot trainees, picks a select group of trainees who is hopefully representative of all other trainees. The group of trainees being studied by this psychologist is collectively known to researchers as a __________.
a. sample
b. population
c. target group
d. control group

Accepted Answer

a % correc

Question 11

Professor Todd decides to test her hypothesis that eating chocolate prior to exams increases students' test scores. She randomly assigns students to two groups at the beginning of the semester. One group receives a bar of chocolate before each test, while the other group receives another type of candy. She compares their scores at the end of the year, and finds that the students who ate the chocolate scored an average of ten points higher on their exams. What is a fair conclusion that can be drawn from this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eating chocolate causes students' test scores to increase. 
B)  Eating chocolate has no relationship to students' test scores. 
C)  Eating chocolate may increase students' satisfaction with the class. 
D)  Eating chocolate makes students happy. 
A)  Eating chocolate causes students' test scores to increase. 
B)  Eating chocolate has no relationship to students' test scores. 
C)  Eating chocolate may increase students' satisfaction with the class. 
D)  Eating chocolate makes students happy.

Question 12

The volunteers for the Tuskegee Syphilis Study were intentionally left untreated for decades and many died from the disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In a double-blind experiment, neither the participant nor the researcher knows which treatment group the participant is in.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Claiming that something is true because 'it should be obvious" is really just _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  anecdotal evidence 
B)  an appeal to common sense 
C)  an appeal to authority 
D)  generalizability 
A)  anecdotal evidence 
B)  an appeal to common sense 
C)  an appeal to authority 
D)  generalizability

Question 15

Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?

Accepted Answer

A)  mode 
B)  variability 
C)  range 
D)  standard deviation 
A)  mode 
B)  variability 
C)  range 
D)  standard deviation

Question 16

Imagine Dr. Martin finds that a sense of humor is positively correlated with psychological well-being. From this, we can conclude that:

Accepted Answer

A)  humor causes people to be healthier. 
B)  health causes people to be funnier. 
C)  people who have a good sense of humor tend to be healthier. 
D)  people who have a good sense of humor tend to be less healthy. 
A)  humor causes people to be healthier. 
B)  health causes people to be funnier. 
C)  people who have a good sense of humor tend to be healthier. 
D)  people who have a good sense of humor tend to be less healthy.

Question 17

Using random sampling increases the likelihood that the results from studying a sample will generalize to the population.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

A research design characterized by random assignment of participants to conditions and manipulation of an independent variable is called a(n) ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  case study 
B)  naturalistic observation 
C)  experiment 
D)  survey 
A)  case study 
B)  naturalistic observation 
C)  experiment 
D)  survey

Question 19

A graph that can be used to represent the pattern of relationship between scores from two variables is called a ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  bar graph 
B)  frequency polygon 
C)  histogram 
D)  scatterplot 
A)  bar graph 
B)  frequency polygon 
C)  histogram 
D)  scatterplot

Question 20

Two variables are said to have a correlation when scores on one variable:

Accepted Answer

A)  are unrelated to the scores on the second variable. 
B)  are related to scores on the second variable. 
C)  cause the scores on the second variable. 
D)  are different from the scores on the second variable. 
A)  are unrelated to the scores on the second variable. 
B)  are related to scores on the second variable. 
C)  cause the scores on the second variable. 
D)  are different from the scores on the second variable.

The use of deception in psychological research is:

Appeals to authority are generally considered a(n) kind of evidence because ___________.

Which of the following statements describes the amount of cognitive and emotional risk to participants allowed in psychological research today?

Researchers use _________________ to determine whether the difference between groups is statistically significant.

Which of the following is not a requirement for informed consent?

Pedro designs an experiment to test whether drinking a protein shake after weightlifting increases muscle development. The independent variable in his experiment is the protein shake.

A teacher is disappointed to find that most of her students' test scores are clustered together at the low end of the grading scale, with only a few students having high grades. If she was to graph the distribution, what shape would it have?

_______________ designs are the only research method that can provide strong evidence for cause-and-effect relationships.

A psychologist, studying pilot trainees, picks a select group of trainees who is hopefully representative of all other trainees. The group of trainees being studied by this psychologist is collectively known to researchers as a __________. a. sample b. population c. target group d. control group

The volunteers for the Tuskegee Syphilis Study were intentionally left untreated for decades and many died from the disease.

In a double-blind experiment, neither the participant nor the researcher knows which treatment group the participant is in.

Claiming that something is true because 'it should be obvious" is really just _____.

Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?

Imagine Dr. Martin finds that a sense of humor is positively correlated with psychological well-being. From this, we can conclude that:

Using random sampling increases the likelihood that the results from studying a sample will generalize to the population.

A research design characterized by random assignment of participants to conditions and manipulation of an independent variable is called a(n) ________________.

A graph that can be used to represent the pattern of relationship between scores from two variables is called a ____________.

Two variables are said to have a correlation when scores on one variable:

Introducing Psychological Science

Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thought and Language

Intelligence, Aptitude, and Cognitive Abilities

Life Span Development

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Social Psychology

Health, Stress and Coping

Industrial and Organizational Psychology

Filters

Exam 2: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

The use of deception in psychological research is:

Appeals to authority are generally considered a(n) ____________ kind of evidence because _______________________.

Which of the following statements describes the amount of cognitive and emotional risk to participants allowed in psychological research today?

Researchers use _________________ to determine whether the difference between groups is statistically significant.

Which of the following is not a requirement for informed consent?

Pedro designs an experiment to test whether drinking a protein shake after weightlifting increases muscle development. The independent variable in his experiment is the protein shake.

A teacher is disappointed to find that most of her students' test scores are clustered together at the low end of the grading scale, with only a few students having high grades. If she was to graph the distribution, what shape would it have?

_______________ designs are the only research method that can provide strong evidence for cause-and-effect relationships.

A psychologist, studying pilot trainees, picks a select group of trainees who is hopefully representative of all other trainees. The group of trainees being studied by this psychologist is collectively known to researchers as a __________. a. sample b. population c. target group d. control group

The volunteers for the Tuskegee Syphilis Study were intentionally left untreated for decades and many died from the disease.

In a double-blind experiment, neither the participant nor the researcher knows which treatment group the participant is in.

Claiming that something is true because 'it should be obvious" is really just _____.

Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?

Imagine Dr. Martin finds that a sense of humor is positively correlated with psychological well-being. From this, we can conclude that:

Using random sampling increases the likelihood that the results from studying a sample will generalize to the population.

A research design characterized by random assignment of participants to conditions and manipulation of an independent variable is called a(n) ________________.

A graph that can be used to represent the pattern of relationship between scores from two variables is called a ____________.

Two variables are said to have a correlation when scores on one variable:

Introducing Psychological Science

Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thought and Language

Intelligence, Aptitude, and Cognitive Abilities

Life Span Development

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Social Psychology

Health, Stress and Coping

Industrial and Organizational Psychology

Filters

Appeals to authority are generally considered a(n) kind of evidence because ___________.