Question 1

Any factor that is associated with the independent variable and that is not purposely introduced by the researcher is considered a ______ error

Accepted Answer

A)  subject 
B)  random 
C)  testing 
D)  confounding 
A)  subject 
B)  random 
C)  testing 
D)  confounding

Question 2

Which one of the following questions is concerned with construct validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Do the results support the researcher's hypothesis? 
B)  Do the results support the theory behind the research? 
C)  Are there alternative variables that can be ruled out as potential causes of the behavior or interest? 
D)  Are the measuring instruments free of error? 
A)  Do the results support the researcher's hypothesis? 
B)  Do the results support the theory behind the research? 
C)  Are there alternative variables that can be ruled out as potential causes of the behavior or interest? 
D)  Are the measuring instruments free of error?

Question 3

Milgram's famous study 1963) in which people were led to believe that they were administering shocks to other people illustrates the power of obedience and

Accepted Answer

A)  evaluation apprehension 
B)  role demands 
C)  experimenter bias 
D)  selection bias 
A)  evaluation apprehension 
B)  role demands 
C)  experimenter bias 
D)  selection bias

Question 4

If people who drop out of study are systematically different from those who stay, we have which threat to validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  selection 
B)  mortality 
C)  regression to the mean 
D)  maturation 
A)  selection 
B)  mortality 
C)  regression to the mean 
D)  maturation

Question 5

Suppose a researcher is performing an experiment on children. She tests the children on one level of the independent variable at the beginning of the school year, but cannot return to test the second level until mid-April, when the school year is almost completed. What threat to internal validity may be a problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  History 
B)  Selection bias 
C)  Maturation 
D)  Experimenter bias 
A)  History 
B)  Selection bias 
C)  Maturation 
D)  Experimenter bias

Question 6

Role demands are a source of

Accepted Answer

A)  selection bias 
B)  experimenter bias 
C)  subject bias 
D)  evaluation bias 
A)  selection bias 
B)  experimenter bias 
C)  subject bias 
D)  evaluation bias

Question 7

Participants exhibiting evaluation apprehension will

Accepted Answer

A)  perceive one alternative as more socially acceptable than the other 
B)  have a tendency to agree to any statement on the inventory, regardless of its content 
C)  adopt a "wait and see" attitude 
D)  work harder if they know that they're being watched. 
A)  perceive one alternative as more socially acceptable than the other 
B)  have a tendency to agree to any statement on the inventory, regardless of its content 
C)  adopt a "wait and see" attitude 
D)  work harder if they know that they're being watched.

Question 8

Outliers in an experimental data set pose a problem to __________ validity.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal 
B)  external 
C)  construct 
D)  statistical 
A)  internal 
B)  external 
C)  construct 
D)  statistical

Question 9

To ascertain the effect of wilderness survival training, a researcher measures a group of 14-year-old Boy Scouts and a group of 8-year-old Boy Scouts who have not yet had wilderness survival training. The boys are measured at the same time on proficiency in various skills. Discuss the weaknesses related to experimental validity.

Accepted Answer

There are several weaknesses related to

Question 10

Students as a group tend to perform better on the second exam. This is similar to ______, which is a threat to validity

Accepted Answer

A)  experimenter bias 
B)  effects of testing 
C)  history 
D)  mortality 
A)  experimenter bias 
B)  effects of testing 
C)  history 
D)  mortality

Question 11

People tend to deviate from their true score on a test due to

Accepted Answer

A)  random error 
B)  maturation 
C)  regression effect 
D)  mortality 
A)  random error 
B)  maturation 
C)  regression effect 
D)  mortality

Question 12

"Blinding" the researcher is a strategy for overcoming which threat to validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  evaluation apprehension 
B)  role demands 
C)  experimenter bias 
D)  selection bias 
A)  evaluation apprehension 
B)  role demands 
C)  experimenter bias 
D)  selection bias

Question 13

When subjects are selected because of the presence or absence of a condition, rather than having a condition assigned to them, the experimenter is testing

Accepted Answer

A)  subject variables 
B)  construct validity 
C)  face validity 
D)  confounding variables 
A)  subject variables 
B)  construct validity 
C)  face validity 
D)  confounding variables

Question 14

A participant who interprets the instructions differently than the researcher intended most threatens the

Accepted Answer

A)  external validity of the experiment 
B)  replicability of the experiment 
C)  theoretical interpretation of the results 
D)  validity of the statistics 
A)  external validity of the experiment 
B)  replicability of the experiment 
C)  theoretical interpretation of the results 
D)  validity of the statistics

Question 15

An experimental finding that is easily demonstrated in the laboratory but not in the real world suffers from a problem with __________ validity.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal 
B)  external 
C)  construct 
D)  statistical 
A)  internal 
B)  external 
C)  construct 
D)  statistical

Question 16

When an experimenter knows what the results of an experiment "should" be, it is possible for the results to be unintentionally influenced. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  evaluation apprehension 
B)  role demands 
C)  experimenter bias 
D)  selection bias 
A)  evaluation apprehension 
B)  role demands 
C)  experimenter bias 
D)  selection bias

Question 17

When a researcher asks the question, "Was the subject dropout rate during the course of the study equal over the various conditions or more pronounced in certain treatment groups?", she is concerned with which one of the following potential confounds

Accepted Answer

A)  regression 
B)  random error 
C)  mortality 
D)  events outside the laboratory history) 
A)  regression 
B)  random error 
C)  mortality 
D)  events outside the laboratory history)

Question 18

Two independent variables are confounded when

Accepted Answer

A)  they both vary in the study 
B)  one varies and one does not 
C)  their separate effects cannot be tested 
D)  None of these are true 
A)  they both vary in the study 
B)  one varies and one does not 
C)  their separate effects cannot be tested 
D)  None of these are true

Question 19

A source of invalidity that occurs as a result of participants behaving in the manner they think the experimenter expects them to behave is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  experimenter bias 
B)  maturation 
C)  selection bias 
D)  good-subject tendency 
A)  experimenter bias 
B)  maturation 
C)  selection bias 
D)  good-subject tendency

Question 20

Using a convenience sample instead of a random sample of subjects is a threat to which kind of validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  internal 
B)  external 
C)  construct 
D)  statistical 
A)  internal 
B)  external 
C)  construct 
D)  statistical

Any factor that is associated with the independent variable and that is not purposely introduced by the researcher is considered a ______ error

Which one of the following questions is concerned with construct validity?

Milgram's famous study 1963) in which people were led to believe that they were administering shocks to other people illustrates the power of obedience and

If people who drop out of study are systematically different from those who stay, we have which threat to validity?

Role demands are a source of

Participants exhibiting evaluation apprehension will

Outliers in an experimental data set pose a problem to __________ validity.

Students as a group tend to perform better on the second exam. This is similar to ______, which is a threat to validity

People tend to deviate from their true score on a test due to

"Blinding" the researcher is a strategy for overcoming which threat to validity?

When subjects are selected because of the presence or absence of a condition, rather than having a condition assigned to them, the experimenter is testing

A participant who interprets the instructions differently than the researcher intended most threatens the

An experimental finding that is easily demonstrated in the laboratory but not in the real world suffers from a problem with __________ validity.

When an experimenter knows what the results of an experiment "should" be, it is possible for the results to be unintentionally influenced. This is an example of

When a researcher asks the question, "Was the subject dropout rate during the course of the study equal over the various conditions or more pronounced in certain treatment groups?", she is concerned with which one of the following potential confounds

Two independent variables are confounded when

A source of invalidity that occurs as a result of participants behaving in the manner they think the experimenter expects them to behave is referred to as

Using a convenience sample instead of a random sample of subjects is a threat to which kind of validity?

Psychology and Science

Developing a Research Question

Ethics in Research

Writing in Psychology

Variables

Control

Nonexperimental Research, Part I: Observational,

Nonexperimental Research, Part Ii

True Experiments, Part 1 Single-Factor Designs

True Experiments, Part 2 Factorial Designs

Single Subject Experiments

Quasi Experiments

Data Exploration, Part 1: Graphic and Descriptive Techniques

Data Exploration, Part 2: Inferential Statistics

Epilogue Biases and Limitations of Experimental Psychology

Filters

Exam 6: Validity

Any factor that is associated with the independent variable and that is not purposely introduced by the researcher is considered a ______ error

Which one of the following questions is concerned with construct validity?

Milgram's famous study 1963) in which people were led to believe that they were administering shocks to other people illustrates the power of obedience and

If people who drop out of study are systematically different from those who stay, we have which threat to validity?

Role demands are a source of

Participants exhibiting evaluation apprehension will

Outliers in an experimental data set pose a problem to __________ validity.

Students as a group tend to perform better on the second exam. This is similar to ______, which is a threat to validity

People tend to deviate from their true score on a test due to

"Blinding" the researcher is a strategy for overcoming which threat to validity?

When subjects are selected because of the presence or absence of a condition, rather than having a condition assigned to them, the experimenter is testing

A participant who interprets the instructions differently than the researcher intended most threatens the

An experimental finding that is easily demonstrated in the laboratory but not in the real world suffers from a problem with __________ validity.

When an experimenter knows what the results of an experiment "should" be, it is possible for the results to be unintentionally influenced. This is an example of

When a researcher asks the question, "Was the subject dropout rate during the course of the study equal over the various conditions or more pronounced in certain treatment groups?", she is concerned with which one of the following potential confounds

Two independent variables are confounded when

A source of invalidity that occurs as a result of participants behaving in the manner they think the experimenter expects them to behave is referred to as

Using a convenience sample instead of a random sample of subjects is a threat to which kind of validity?

Psychology and Science

Developing a Research Question

Ethics in Research

Writing in Psychology

Variables

Control

Nonexperimental Research, Part I: Observational,

Nonexperimental Research, Part Ii

True Experiments, Part 1 Single-Factor Designs

True Experiments, Part 2 Factorial Designs

Single Subject Experiments

Quasi Experiments

Data Exploration, Part 1: Graphic and Descriptive Techniques

Data Exploration, Part 2: Inferential Statistics

Epilogue Biases and Limitations of Experimental Psychology

Filters