Exam 1: The Science of Psychology

Explain what surveys are and how they overcome some of the shortcomings of case studies. What are some of the specific advantages and disadvantages of this type of research?

To explain the causes of psychological phenomena, psychologists most often use experimental research.

Functionalist theory is concerned only with learning, sensation, and perception.

Psychologists should only study observable, measurable behavior, according to ________.

Köhler, Wertheimer, and Koffka are all most closely associated with the Gestalt school of psychology.

To find out what he wanted to know, Stanley Milgram deceived subjects in his studies.

A psychologist claims that hidden motives and unconscious desires are the basis of behavior. This psychologist is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.

If explanation of the causes of thoughts, feelings, and behavior is a psychologist's goal, then the ________ method of research should be used.

The oldest of the modern schools of psychology is cognitive psychology.

Which of the following mental health professionals is the only one who, in many states, can prescribe medicine?

Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of our mental processes.

James argued that consciousness ________.

African Americans score higher on IQ and other tests when the person administering the test is also African American.

Personality psychologists study mental and physical growth in humans from the prenatal period through childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age.

Political polls taken before major elections are examples of ________ research.

Psychologists study animal behavior in order to shed light on human behavior.

Each of the following characterizes a state of mind necessary for critical thinking except ________.

According to Freud, much of our behavior is controlled by ________.

Explain why psychologists use animals in research and discuss the reasons for and reactions to the current controversy regarding the use of animals in scientific research.

Compare and contrast Watson's behaviorism with that of B. F. Skinner, focusing on the specific techniques used by each approach. Describe Pavlov's research and identify its role in the development of behaviorism.