Exam 1: The Science of Psychology

Positive psychologists argue that psychology should abandon its focus on healing abnormal behavior and instead focus on "wellness."

The history of psychology can be divided into ________ main stages.

Research techniques based on the naturally occurring relationship between two or more variables are known as the ________ method.

The field of psychology that is concerned with the biological origins of behaviors and mental processes, their adaptive value and the purposes they continue to serve is ________ psychology.

A mother is trying to teach her little boy to eat his cereal with a spoon. Every time he correctly does so, his mother gives him a small piece of his favorite cookie. This is an example of ________.

William James is noted for founding the ________ school of psychology.

Milgram's studies on obedience raised significant controversy regarding ________.

Social workers may offer treatment for psychological problems.

A research method in which the real-life behavior of a pre-selected individual or a few individuals is studied at an in-depth level for some time through the use of observation, interviews, and writings (such as letters) is the ________ method of research.

Women in many cultures are expected to take care of the children, clean the house, do laundry, and make the meals. These behavioral expectations of women are known as ________.

The female psychologist who is known for her pioneering research examining the role of imagery in thought processes is ________.

Describe at least four stipulations from APA's ethical guidelines for researchers. What are some current opinions among researchers and their critics in regards to these guidelines?

An advantage to using naturalistic observation is observer bias.

Wilhelm runs an experiment and finds that males with high levels of testosterone tend to be more physically aggressive than males with lower levels of testosterone. This leads him to believe that testosterone has a direct effect on physical aggression in males. Wilhelm's belief is best described as a ________.

A positive psychologist is most likely to devote her attention to studying the ________.

Social psychologists investigate the influence of people on one another.

Explain why human diversity is important to researchers. Specifically, how can a lack of diversity, or a lack of understanding of diversity, affect research results? What is cultural bias and why is it important to researchers?

Cultures that value independence and personal achievement are ________ cultures.

Someone who is attracted to members of the opposite sex has a(n) ________ orientation.

________ refers to the spontaneity and creativity that result from focusing on problems outside of oneself and looking beyond the boundaries of social conventions.