Exam 6: Memory

Absentmindedness results from:

Bob has flashbacks to traumatic events that occurred during his service in Iraq.They cause him considerable anxiety,and he wishes that he could forget them.Bob is experiencing the negative effects of the _____ of memory.

Betty fondly remembers her university days.When she returns to the campus for homecoming,however,she gets lost trying to find East Hall.Betty is probably experiencing the _____ of memory.

Robert,a successful businessman,was in a terrible car accident.He now cannot remember any new pieces of information for more than a few seconds.However,he is able to remember everything before the accident perfectly clearly.Robert's condition is an example of:

Jessica Li held up three rows of four letters on a poster board to her high school class for a fraction of a second.She then removed it and immediately asked the class to name the 12 letters they had just been shown.Which memory store is being tested?

Collaborative recall typically is better than the combined efforts of the same individuals recalling information on their own.

Remembering the what,where,and when information about personal events that occurred in your life is a recollection made possible by _____ memory.

A son is not paying attention to his father.His father asks sternly,"What did I just say?" and the son can only meekly respond,"You just asked me,'What did I just say?'" What memory store was encoding this information,despite the son not paying attention?

As illustrated by the study in which people first imagined and then falsely remembered spilling punch all over the bride's parents at a wedding,_____ plays a large role in the formation of false memories.

An expert in wilderness survival participates in a memory study in which she is shown a list of words.Later,she is asked to recall these words.Which words is she MOST likely to recall?

In a classic memory study by Peterson and Peterson (1959),participants were given consonant strings to remember-such as DBX and HLM-and then instructed to count backwards from 100 by 3.After a variable amount of time,the participants were asked to recall the consonant strings.Asking participants to count backwards effectively prevents:

Storing information by converting it into mental pictures is known as _____ encoding.

Marion can recognize the faces of almost all of her high school classmates 50 years after graduation by retrieving the information from her:

We can hold about seven meaningful pieces of information in our short-term memory.

Without rehearsal,short-term memory fades in less than 30 seconds.

A participant is shown 100 pictures.Sometime later,she is shown pictures in an fMRI scanner and asked if they were part of the original set or not.Which area of the brain would be LEAST active during this task?

Use the following to answer questions : Scenario I The scenario is based on and presents fabricated data consistent with the following study: Barber,S.J. ,Rajaram,S. ,& Fox,E.B.(2012).Learning and remembering with others: The key role of retrieval in shaping group recall and collective memory.Social Cognition,30(1),121-132.doi:10.1521/soco.2012.30.1.121 In a typical experiment on collaborative memory,participants first encode information individually and later attempt to recall the information either individually or in a small group (collaboratively).While the recall of the collaborative group is better than that of any individual,the summed recall of individuals typically is better than the recall of the collaborative group.This is a phenomenon termed collaborative inhibition.Barber,Rajaram,and Fox (2012)investigated this phenomenon during both the encoding and retrieval stages of memory. Participants created sentences out of a word bank,which provided for the opportunity to encode this information.After completing this task,participants engaged in an unrelated task-solving mazes-for 10 minutes.Then,in a surprise memory test,they were asked to recall as many words from the word bank as possible (retrieval). Participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups.In the first group (Alone-Alone),participants were studied individually during both the encoding and retrieval phases of the experiment.In the second group (Alone-Collaborative),participants were studied individually during the encoding phase and as part of a three-member team (triad)during the retrieval phase.In the third group (Collaborative-Alone),participants were studied in a triad during the encoding phase but individually during the retrieval phase.Finally,in the fourth group (Collaborative-Collaborative),participants completed both phases of the experiment as part of a triad. Fabricated results illustrating the major finding of Barber et al.(2012)are presented in Figure 6.1.This figure shows the percentage of words from the word bank accurately recalled as a function of group.For the two groups that experienced the retrieval phase individually,scores represent the summed retrieval of the individuals comprising the group.For the two groups that experienced the retrieval phase as part of a triad,scores simply represent the collaborative performance. Figure 6.1 -(Scenario I)If interested only in the effects of individual or collaborative encoding on subsequent retrieval,one should examine the:

A biased memory might serve to improve psychological well-being.

Assigning a recollection or an idea to the wrong source is termed:

The finding that encoding of survival-related information is subsequently easier to recall than other types of information is MOST consistent with which psychological perspective?