Exam 6: Memory

Maria was a 7-year-old girl who did very well in school.Unfortunately,one day Maria was in a bad accident,and her hippocampus was damaged.Maria still does extremely well in school.However,she has a hard time remembering everyday activities and things that happened to her in the past.Maria is suffering from:

Drugs that block long-term potentiation produce effects similar to the symptoms of severe retrograde amnesia.

Information can be kept for hours,days,weeks,or years in the _____ memory store.

While sitting at the kitchen table,Jenna thought of an extremely funny joke.She walked into the living room to call her best friend Cynthia.Unfortunately,on her way there,she forgot the punch line of the joke.To help herself remember,she went back to the kitchen table and remembered the line.What helped jog Jenna's memory?

McKayla is asked to think of a word that rhymes with "prime." Danielle is asked to think about the mathematical meaning of prime numbers.The next day,both women are asked,"Hey,what was the word that you heard yesterday that rhymes with 'time'?" _____ will be more likely to recall "prime" because _____.

Memory retrieval is a single,identifiable process in the brain.

Use the following to answer questions : Scenario I The scenario is based on and presents fabricated data consistent with the following study: Barber,S.J. ,Rajaram,S. ,& Fox,E.B.(2012).Learning and remembering with others: The key role of retrieval in shaping group recall and collective memory.Social Cognition,30(1),121-132.doi:10.1521/soco.2012.30.1.121 In a typical experiment on collaborative memory,participants first encode information individually and later attempt to recall the information either individually or in a small group (collaboratively).While the recall of the collaborative group is better than that of any individual,the summed recall of individuals typically is better than the recall of the collaborative group.This is a phenomenon termed collaborative inhibition.Barber,Rajaram,and Fox (2012)investigated this phenomenon during both the encoding and retrieval stages of memory. Participants created sentences out of a word bank,which provided for the opportunity to encode this information.After completing this task,participants engaged in an unrelated task-solving mazes-for 10 minutes.Then,in a surprise memory test,they were asked to recall as many words from the word bank as possible (retrieval). Participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups.In the first group (Alone-Alone),participants were studied individually during both the encoding and retrieval phases of the experiment.In the second group (Alone-Collaborative),participants were studied individually during the encoding phase and as part of a three-member team (triad)during the retrieval phase.In the third group (Collaborative-Alone),participants were studied in a triad during the encoding phase but individually during the retrieval phase.Finally,in the fourth group (Collaborative-Collaborative),participants completed both phases of the experiment as part of a triad. Fabricated results illustrating the major finding of Barber et al.(2012)are presented in Figure 6.1.This figure shows the percentage of words from the word bank accurately recalled as a function of group.For the two groups that experienced the retrieval phase individually,scores represent the summed retrieval of the individuals comprising the group.For the two groups that experienced the retrieval phase as part of a triad,scores simply represent the collaborative performance. Figure 6.1 -(Scenario I)It can be inferred that the experimenters inserted the maze task between encoding and recall to:

Active maintenance of information in short-term memory is referred to as:

Faced with a tough decision regarding whether or not to end a long-term relationship,Naomi relies on her _____ memory to imagine the different outcomes associated with staying with or leaving her partner.

Short-term memory is to working memory as:

A witness to a bank robbery was interviewed and asked to provide details about the suspect's race,age,facial characteristics,height,weight,and clothing.Sometime later,the witness was interviewed again and asked to provide additional details.Which detail would the witness be LEAST likely to recall?

The exaggeration of change between the past and present to make us look good in retrospect is:

_____ is the process by which memories become stable in the brain.

Memories are MOST fragile:

Active maintenance of information in _____ memory is referred to as _____ memory.

Which statement summarizing research on whether training working memory skills improves cognitive performance on non-memory-related tasks is TRUE?

A memory acquired in one situation is more likely to be used in situations with similar encoding and retrieval cues,a phenomenon known as:

If you correctly recall that William James founded the functionalist school of psychology,you are using your _____ memory.

Patient HM developed anterograde amnesia due to brain trauma from a near-fatal automobile accident.

If you are in a good mood when you are studying for a test,you will remember the material better on the test day if you: