Exam 11: Development

Shona is worried that her daughter might get pregnant in high school like many of her friends,but she opposes sex education.Shona should consider which fact regarding sex education?

Research has indicated that sex education does not increase the likelihood that adolescents will engage in sexual activity.

In Kohlberg's original research and theoretical perspectives on moral development:

At about 1 year of age,Andi begins looking at her caregivers to gauge their reactions when a stranger walks into the room.This phenomenon is called:

Young children who were securely attached infants tend to recall positive and negative events equally during memory tests.

As the brain ages,the prefrontal cortex and its associated subcortical connections deteriorate more quickly than do the other areas of the brain.

Morality is determined primarily by the extent to which it conforms to social rules in the _____ state of moral development.

Use the following to answer questions : Scenario II The scenario is based on and presents results consistent with the following studies: Gopnik,A. ,& Astington,J.W.(1988).Children's understanding of representative change and its relation to the understanding of false belief and the appearance-reality distinction.Child Development,59,26-37. Wimmer,H. ,& Perner,J.(1983).Beliefs about beliefs: Representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children's understanding of deception.Cognition,13(1),103-128. Wimmer and Perner (1983)first developed a procedure to assess if children have developed a theory of mind.Children were read an illustrated story in which a puppet named Maxi hid a piece of chocolate in one cupboard and then left the room.While Maxi was away,a second puppet entered the room,discovered the chocolate,and hid it in a new location before leaving.The story ended with Maxi's return.Children were asked where Maxi will look for the chocolate.Whereas most 5-year-olds who have developed a theory of mind will report that he will look in the cupboard,most 3-year-olds will report that Maxi will look in the new location. Using a different procedure,Gopnik and Astington (1988)first arranged a control condition in which children were shown a dollhouse.Inside the dollhouse was an apple.In the presence of the children,the experimenter opened the dollhouse and replaced the apple with a doll.A few minutes later,the children were asked what was currently in the dollhouse and what had previously been in the dollhouse.Only children who answered these questions correctly progressed to the experimental condition.Here,the experimenter showed children a candy box.When they opened it,the children discovered that it contained pencils.When the children were asked what they originally thought was in the box,most 5-year-olds said candy and most 3-year-olds said pencils. -(Scenario II)Which explanation of the general findings by Wimmer and Perner (1983)does the control condition conducted by Gopnik and Astington (1988)support?

Dara exhibits an ambivalent style of attachment.Which statement BEST describes the behaviour of her mother,Kendra?

The tendency for an organism to respond less intensely to a stimulus the more it is presented is termed:

Which factor is a secondary sex characteristic?

Which statement has been demonstrated as FALSE by research on homosexuality?

According to John Bowlby,babies are born with behaviours such as crying,smiling,and cooing in order to:

Yasmin is able to sit without support.She is probably at least _____ month(s)old.

According to the moral intuitionist perspective,humans developed the distinctions between right and wrong as a way of:

Which statement about attachment style is TRUE?

Use the following to answer questions : Scenario I The scenario is based on and presents results consistent with the following study: Kim,I.K. ,& Spelke,E.S.(1992).Infants' sensitivity to effects of gravity on visual object motion.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,18(2),385-393. Kim and Spelke (1992)investigated the extent to which infants have expectancies of gravitational effects on visual object motion.Infants of 3 and 5 months of age repeatedly watched a video of a ball accelerating as it rolled down an incline until they spent little time actively looking at it.Subsequently,two types of test trials were conducted in randomized order.Type A test trials consisted of a ball slowing down as it rolled up an incline.Type B test trials consisted of a ball slowing down as it rolled down an incline.During all trials,the amount of time looking at each visual display was recorded.Fabricated data consistent with the major finding of this study are presented in Figure 11.1. Figure 11.1 Note that "Age 5" and "Age 3" in the legend refer to months of age. -(Scenario I)Which statement pertaining to the test trials is TRUE?

Annette was born male but has a female gender.She is sexually attracted to males.Annette would be classified as a:

At about what age do children begin passing the false-belief test?

The term temperament is defined as: