Question 1

A myelinated axon is shielded from direct contact with the extracellular fluid all along its length.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Nicotine is:

Accepted Answer

A) a cholinergic antagonist. 
B) a beta-adrenergic agonist. 
C) a cholinergic agonist. 
D) an alpha-adrenergic antagonist. 
E) a neurotransmitter. 
A) a cholinergic antagonist. 
B) a beta-adrenergic agonist. 
C) a cholinergic agonist. 
D) an alpha-adrenergic antagonist. 
E) a neurotransmitter.

Question 3

Which best describes temporal summation?

Accepted Answer

A) A synapse is stimulated a second time before the effect of a first stimulus at the synapse has terminated. 
B) It only refers to addition of EPSPs. 
C) Two synapses on different regions of a cell are stimulated at the same time. 
D) It always brings a postsynaptic cell to threshold. 
E) The size of an EPSP depends on the size of the stimulus. 
A) A synapse is stimulated a second time before the effect of a first stimulus at the synapse has terminated. 
B) It only refers to addition of EPSPs. 
C) Two synapses on different regions of a cell are stimulated at the same time. 
D) It always brings a postsynaptic cell to threshold. 
E) The size of an EPSP depends on the size of the stimulus.

Question 4

Because all parts of a neuronal cell body have the same threshold,no one synapse on the cell is more important than any other.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The membrane potential of most neurons at rest is:

Accepted Answer

A) equal to the equilibrium potential for potassium. 
B) equal to the equilibrium potential for sodium. 
C)  slightly more negative than the equilibrium potential of potassium ion. 
D)  more positive than the equilibrium potential for potassium. 
E)  more positive than the equilibrium potential for sodium. 
A) equal to the equilibrium potential for potassium. 
B) equal to the equilibrium potential for sodium. 
C)  slightly more negative than the equilibrium potential of potassium ion. 
D)  more positive than the equilibrium potential for potassium. 
E)  more positive than the equilibrium potential for sodium.

Question 6

The thalamus is the single most important control area for regulating the homeostasis of the internal environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

"Dual innervation of effectors" refers to the innervation of the same effector organs by somatic and autonomic nerves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

A postsynaptic neuron has three presynaptic inputs - from neurons X,Y,and Z.Stimulation of neuron X causes the postsynaptic neuron to depolarize by 0.5 mV.When X and Y are stimulated simultaneously,the postsynaptic neuron depolarizes by 1 mV.When X and Z are stimulated simultaneously,however,there is no change in the membrane potential of the postsynaptic neuron.What is most likely true about presynaptic neurons Y and Z?

Accepted Answer

A) They are both excitatory. 
B) They are both inhibitory. 
C) Y is excitatory and Z is inhibitory. 
D) Z is excitatory and Y is inhibitory. 
A) They are both excitatory. 
B) They are both inhibitory. 
C) Y is excitatory and Z is inhibitory. 
D) Z is excitatory and Y is inhibitory.

Question 9

Postganglionic neuron cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system have which category of neurotransmitter receptor?

Accepted Answer

A) Adrenergic receptor 
B) Serotonin receptors 
C) Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors 
D) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors 
E) Dopamine receptors 
A) Adrenergic receptor 
B) Serotonin receptors 
C) Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors 
D) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors 
E) Dopamine receptors

Question 10

The maintenance of a resting potential in a neuron depends indirectly upon the functioning of the Na+,K+-ATPase pumps in the membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The absolute refractory period of an excitable membrane roughly corresponds to the period when sodium channels are opening and inactivated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The most common neurotransmitters for neuroeffector communication are dopamine and acetylcholine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Why are action potentials sometimes described as being "all-or-none" in character?

Accepted Answer

A) The rate of propagation of an action potential down an axon is independent of stimulus strength. 
B) They are associated with an absolute refractory period. 
C) A supra-threshold stimulus is required to stimulate an action potential during the relative refractory period. 
D) An action potential occurs whenever a suprathreshold stimulus occurs,and its amplitude does not vary with the size of a stimulus. 
E) Action potentials are always the same size,even when ion gradients vary in size. 
A) The rate of propagation of an action potential down an axon is independent of stimulus strength. 
B) They are associated with an absolute refractory period. 
C) A supra-threshold stimulus is required to stimulate an action potential during the relative refractory period. 
D) An action potential occurs whenever a suprathreshold stimulus occurs,and its amplitude does not vary with the size of a stimulus. 
E) Action potentials are always the same size,even when ion gradients vary in size.

Question 14

The cerebellum:

Accepted Answer

A) is important for coordinating body movement. 
B) is the gray matter covering the entire surface of the brain. 
C) is the same thing as the brain stem. 
D) is in the anterior portion of the brain,just above the eyes. 
E) is one of the basal nuclei that is found deep inside the cerebrum. 
A) is important for coordinating body movement. 
B) is the gray matter covering the entire surface of the brain. 
C) is the same thing as the brain stem. 
D) is in the anterior portion of the brain,just above the eyes. 
E) is one of the basal nuclei that is found deep inside the cerebrum.

Question 15

The region of the brain that is the most important control area for homeostatic regulation of the internal environment is:

Accepted Answer

A) the thalamus. 
B) the hippocampus. 
C) the cerebrum. 
D) the cerebellum. 
E) the hypothalamus. 
A) the thalamus. 
B) the hippocampus. 
C) the cerebrum. 
D) the cerebellum. 
E) the hypothalamus.

Question 16

Although nerve cells in each cerebral hemisphere make connections with other cells in the same hemisphere,there is no crossover of information between the two hemispheres.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following statements about norepinephrine is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter. 
B) Norepinephrine binds to adrenergic receptors. 
C) Norepinephrine is a catecholamine. 
D) Dopamine is a precursor to norepinephrine. 
E) Epinephrine is a precursor to norepinephrine. 
A) Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter. 
B) Norepinephrine binds to adrenergic receptors. 
C) Norepinephrine is a catecholamine. 
D) Dopamine is a precursor to norepinephrine. 
E) Epinephrine is a precursor to norepinephrine.

Question 18

Which is TRUE about the Na+,K+ ATPase pump in neurons?

Accepted Answer

A) It generates a small electrical potential such that the inside is made negative with respect to the outside. 
B) It maintains a concentration gradient for K+ such that diffusion forces favor movement of K+ into the cell. 
C) It maintains an electrical gradient at the equilibrium potential of K+. 
D) It transports equal numbers of sodium and potassium ions with each pump cycle. 
E) It pumps 3 Na+ ions into the cell for every 2 K+ ions it pumps out. 
A) It generates a small electrical potential such that the inside is made negative with respect to the outside. 
B) It maintains a concentration gradient for K+ such that diffusion forces favor movement of K+ into the cell. 
C) It maintains an electrical gradient at the equilibrium potential of K+. 
D) It transports equal numbers of sodium and potassium ions with each pump cycle. 
E) It pumps 3 Na+ ions into the cell for every 2 K+ ions it pumps out.

Question 19

Which is FALSE about neurons?

Accepted Answer

A) A given neuron can be either a presynaptic neuron or a postsynaptic neuron. 
B) An individual neuron can receive information from multiple other neurons. 
C) An individual neuron can transmit information to multiple other neurons. 
D) A neuron can simultaneously release more than one type of neurotransmitter. 
E) A neuron receives information on its axons and delivers it to other neurons through its dendrites. 
A) A given neuron can be either a presynaptic neuron or a postsynaptic neuron. 
B) An individual neuron can receive information from multiple other neurons. 
C) An individual neuron can transmit information to multiple other neurons. 
D) A neuron can simultaneously release more than one type of neurotransmitter. 
E) A neuron receives information on its axons and delivers it to other neurons through its dendrites.

Question 20

The portion of the peripheral nervous system that is composed of nerve fibers that innervate skeletal muscle is called the:

Accepted Answer

A) afferent nervous system. 
B) sympathetic nervous system. 
C) parasympathetic nervous system. 
D) somatic motor nervous system. 
E) autonomic nervous system. 
A) afferent nervous system. 
B) sympathetic nervous system. 
C) parasympathetic nervous system. 
D) somatic motor nervous system. 
E) autonomic nervous system.

A myelinated axon is shielded from direct contact with the extracellular fluid all along its length.

Nicotine is:

Which best describes temporal summation?

Because all parts of a neuronal cell body have the same threshold,no one synapse on the cell is more important than any other.

The membrane potential of most neurons at rest is:

The thalamus is the single most important control area for regulating the homeostasis of the internal environment.

"Dual innervation of effectors" refers to the innervation of the same effector organs by somatic and autonomic nerves.

Postganglionic neuron cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system have which category of neurotransmitter receptor?

The maintenance of a resting potential in a neuron depends indirectly upon the functioning of the Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase pumps in the membrane.

The absolute refractory period of an excitable membrane roughly corresponds to the period when sodium channels are opening and inactivated.

The most common neurotransmitters for neuroeffector communication are dopamine and acetylcholine.

Why are action potentials sometimes described as being "all-or-none" in character?

The cerebellum:

The region of the brain that is the most important control area for homeostatic regulation of the internal environment is:

Although nerve cells in each cerebral hemisphere make connections with other cells in the same hemisphere,there is no crossover of information between the two hemispheres.

Which of the following statements about norepinephrine is FALSE?

Which is TRUE about the Na⁺,K⁺ ATPase pump in neurons?

Which is FALSE about neurons?

The portion of the peripheral nervous system that is composed of nerve fibers that innervate skeletal muscle is called the:

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolism

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Control of Cells by Chemical Messengers

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

Defense Mechanisms of the Body

Medical Physiology: Integration Using Clinical Cases

Filters

Exam 6: Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

A myelinated axon is shielded from direct contact with the extracellular fluid all along its length.

Nicotine is:

Which best describes temporal summation?

Because all parts of a neuronal cell body have the same threshold,no one synapse on the cell is more important than any other.

The membrane potential of most neurons at rest is:

The thalamus is the single most important control area for regulating the homeostasis of the internal environment.

"Dual innervation of effectors" refers to the innervation of the same effector organs by somatic and autonomic nerves.

Postganglionic neuron cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system have which category of neurotransmitter receptor?

The maintenance of a resting potential in a neuron depends indirectly upon the functioning of the Na+,K+-ATPase pumps in the membrane.

The absolute refractory period of an excitable membrane roughly corresponds to the period when sodium channels are opening and inactivated.

The most common neurotransmitters for neuroeffector communication are dopamine and acetylcholine.

Why are action potentials sometimes described as being "all-or-none" in character?

The cerebellum:

The region of the brain that is the most important control area for homeostatic regulation of the internal environment is:

Although nerve cells in each cerebral hemisphere make connections with other cells in the same hemisphere,there is no crossover of information between the two hemispheres.

Which of the following statements about norepinephrine is FALSE?

Which is TRUE about the Na+,K+ ATPase pump in neurons?

Which is FALSE about neurons?

The portion of the peripheral nervous system that is composed of nerve fibers that innervate skeletal muscle is called the:

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolism

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Control of Cells by Chemical Messengers

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

Defense Mechanisms of the Body

Medical Physiology: Integration Using Clinical Cases

Filters

The maintenance of a resting potential in a neuron depends indirectly upon the functioning of the Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase pumps in the membrane.

Which is TRUE about the Na⁺,K⁺ ATPase pump in neurons?