Question 1

Most hormones are regulated by

Accepted Answer

A) negative-feedback mechanisms. 
B) neural-feedback mechanisms. 
C) positive-feedback mechanisms. 
D) hormonal-feedback mechanisms. 
A) negative-feedback mechanisms. 
B) neural-feedback mechanisms. 
C) positive-feedback mechanisms. 
D) hormonal-feedback mechanisms. A

Question 2

Increasing levels of thyroid hormones decrease TSH levels.This is an example of _______ feedback.

Accepted Answer

negative

Question 3

How do most water-soluble hormones travel in the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

A) attached to proteins 
B) attached to carbohydrates 
C) attached to amino acids 
D) as free hormones 
A) attached to proteins 
B) attached to carbohydrates 
C) attached to amino acids 
D) as free hormones D

Question 4

The endocrine system

Accepted Answer

A) releases neurotransmitters into ducts. 
B) secretes chemicals that reach their targets through the bloodstream. 
C) communicates via frequency-modulated signals. 
D) contains organs called exocrine glands. 
E) is isolated from the nervous system. 
A) releases neurotransmitters into ducts. 
B) secretes chemicals that reach their targets through the bloodstream. 
C) communicates via frequency-modulated signals. 
D) contains organs called exocrine glands. 
E) is isolated from the nervous system.

Question 5

Consider the following events in the nuclear receptor model: (1)Hormone receptor complex binds to DNA.
(2)Messenger RNA directs synthesis of specific proteins.
(3)Hormone binds to receptors in the nucleus (sometimes in the cytoplasm)
(4)Messenger RNA synthesis is activated.
(5)Synthesized proteins produce the response of the cell.
Which of these events occurs in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A) 1,3,5 
B) 1,3,4 
C) 1,2,3 
D) 3,4,5 
E) All events occur in the nucleus. 
A) 1,3,5 
B) 1,3,4 
C) 1,2,3 
D) 3,4,5 
E) All events occur in the nucleus.

Question 6

Hormone receptor molecules may be ____ in order to change the target cell's sensitivity to a given hormone.

Accepted Answer

A) increased in number 
B) decreased in number 
C) chemically altered 
D) moved 
E) increased in number,decreased in number and chemically altered 
A) increased in number 
B) decreased in number 
C) chemically altered 
D) moved 
E) increased in number,decreased in number and chemically altered

Question 7

What do all hormones have in common?

Accepted Answer

A) They are made from amino acids. 
B) They are bound to transport molecules in the blood. 
C) They bind to and interact with a receptor on or in the target cell. 
D) They use the second messenger mechanism to control the target cell. 
E) They are all lipid-soluble. 
A) They are made from amino acids. 
B) They are bound to transport molecules in the blood. 
C) They bind to and interact with a receptor on or in the target cell. 
D) They use the second messenger mechanism to control the target cell. 
E) They are all lipid-soluble.

Question 8

What type of chemical messenger will act locally on nearby cells?

Accepted Answer

A) paracrine 
B) neurotransmitter 
C) autocrine 
D) endocrine 
A) paracrine 
B) neurotransmitter 
C) autocrine 
D) endocrine

Question 9

Parathyroid hormone is released when blood calcium levels decrease.This is an example of control by __________ stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A) hormonal 
B) neural 
C) humoral 
D) visceral 
A) hormonal 
B) neural 
C) humoral 
D) visceral

Question 10

Members of which group of hormones are made from cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

A) amino acid derivatives 
B) peptides 
C) proteins 
D) steroids 
A) amino acid derivatives 
B) peptides 
C) proteins 
D) steroids

Question 11

Receptors for most water-soluble hormones are located

Accepted Answer

A) in the cytoplasm of their target cells. 
B) on the plasma membrane of their target cells. 
C) in the lysosomes of their target cells. 
D) on the nuclear membrane of their target cells. 
E) on the endoplasmic reticulum of their target cells. 
A) in the cytoplasm of their target cells. 
B) on the plasma membrane of their target cells. 
C) in the lysosomes of their target cells. 
D) on the nuclear membrane of their target cells. 
E) on the endoplasmic reticulum of their target cells.

Question 12

Which of the following statements regarding hormone transport and distribution is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Only free hormones can diffuse through capillary walls and bind to target tissues. 
B) Hormones can be transported free in the plasma or bound to plasma proteins. 
C) Plasma protein concentration has no influence on free hormone concentration. 
D) Hormones bind only to certain types of plasma proteins. 
E) All of the statements are true. 
A) Only free hormones can diffuse through capillary walls and bind to target tissues. 
B) Hormones can be transported free in the plasma or bound to plasma proteins. 
C) Plasma protein concentration has no influence on free hormone concentration. 
D) Hormones bind only to certain types of plasma proteins. 
E) All of the statements are true.

Question 13

The role of cAMP when it acts as an intracellular mediator in cells is to

Accepted Answer

A) bind to and activate protein kinase. 
B) activate genes in the nucleus to produce mRNA. 
C) directly activate structural enzymes in the cytoplasm of the target cell. 
D) catalyze a cascade reaction that ultimately activates genes on the DNA. 
E) control levels of calcium in the cell. 
A) bind to and activate protein kinase. 
B) activate genes in the nucleus to produce mRNA. 
C) directly activate structural enzymes in the cytoplasm of the target cell. 
D) catalyze a cascade reaction that ultimately activates genes on the DNA. 
E) control levels of calcium in the cell.

Question 14

Once a lipid-soluble hormone is conjugated in the liver

Accepted Answer

A) its half-life is increased. 
B) it can be more quickly eliminated from the body. 
C) it can be stored for later use. 
D) it is actively transported into cells. 
E) it is more slowly eliminated from the body. 
A) its half-life is increased. 
B) it can be more quickly eliminated from the body. 
C) it can be stored for later use. 
D) it is actively transported into cells. 
E) it is more slowly eliminated from the body.

Question 15

Which pattern of hormone secretion,often observed in steroid reproductive hormones,will fluctuate over a monthly cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) acute hormone secretion 
B) episodic hormone secretion 
C) long-term hormone secretion 
D) chronic hormone secretion 
A) acute hormone secretion 
B) episodic hormone secretion 
C) long-term hormone secretion 
D) chronic hormone secretion

Question 16

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-receptor molecule interacts with DNA

Accepted Answer

A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model 
A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model

Question 17

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description.
-neurotransmitter

Accepted Answer

A) chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones 
B) chemicals that act locally on nearby cells 
C) chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal 
D) influences same cell type from which it is secreted 
E) chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues 
A) chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones 
B) chemicals that act locally on nearby cells 
C) chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal 
D) influences same cell type from which it is secreted 
E) chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues

Question 18

When a hormone binds to a membrane-bound receptor,

Accepted Answer

A) membrane channels are destroyed. 
B) cyclic GMP might be produced to act as an intracellular mediator. 
C) the nucleus is phosphorylated to prevent G-protein activation. 
D) messenger RNA is formed. 
E) cellular DNA is altered. 
A) membrane channels are destroyed. 
B) cyclic GMP might be produced to act as an intracellular mediator. 
C) the nucleus is phosphorylated to prevent G-protein activation. 
D) messenger RNA is formed. 
E) cellular DNA is altered.

Question 19

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-G-protein

Accepted Answer

A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model 
A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model

Question 20

Which of the following is a regulatory protein associated with membrane-bound receptor molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP 
B) calcium 
C) M protein 
D) G protein 
E) DNA 
A) ATP 
B) calcium 
C) M protein 
D) G protein 
E) DNA

Exam 17: Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Most hormones are regulated by

Increasing levels of thyroid hormones decrease TSH levels.This is an example of _______ feedback.

How do most water-soluble hormones travel in the bloodstream?

The endocrine system

Hormone receptor molecules may be ____ in order to change the target cell's sensitivity to a given hormone.

What do all hormones have in common?

What type of chemical messenger will act locally on nearby cells?

Parathyroid hormone is released when blood calcium levels decrease.This is an example of control by __________ stimuli.

Members of which group of hormones are made from cholesterol?

Receptors for most water-soluble hormones are located

Which of the following statements regarding hormone transport and distribution is FALSE?

The role of cAMP when it acts as an intracellular mediator in cells is to

Once a lipid-soluble hormone is conjugated in the liver

Which pattern of hormone secretion,often observed in steroid reproductive hormones,will fluctuate over a monthly cycle?

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -receptor molecule interacts with DNA

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description. -neurotransmitter

When a hormone binds to a membrane-bound receptor,

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -G-protein

Which of the following is a regulatory protein associated with membrane-bound receptor molecules?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition,metabolism,and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water,electrolyte,and Acid-Based Balance

Reproductive System

Development,growth,aging,and Genetics

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