Question 1

Hormones act on specific tissues called _______ tissues.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hormones act on specific tissues called _______...

Question 2

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description.
-neuropeptide

Accepted Answer

A) chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones 
B) chemicals that act locally on nearby cells 
C) chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal 
D) influences same cell type from which it is secreted 
E) chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues 
A) chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones 
B) chemicals that act locally on nearby cells 
C) chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal 
D) influences same cell type from which it is secreted 
E) chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues

Question 3

When a hormone binds to a membrane-bound receptor and activates G proteins,

Accepted Answer

A) ion channels could be opened. 
B) IP3 may be activated. 
C) cyclic AMP production may be increased. 
D) DAG may be activated. 
E) All of the choices may occur from activated G proteins. 
A) ion channels could be opened. 
B) IP3 may be activated. 
C) cyclic AMP production may be increased. 
D) DAG may be activated. 
E) All of the choices may occur from activated G proteins.

Question 4

Which pattern of hormone secretion,exemplified by thyroid hormones,remains relatively constant over long periods of time?

Accepted Answer

A) acute hormone secretion 
B) episodic hormone secretion 
C) chronic hormone secretion 
D) long-term hormone secretion 
A) acute hormone secretion 
B) episodic hormone secretion 
C) chronic hormone secretion 
D) long-term hormone secretion

Question 5

In general,the response of target cells to endocrine stimulation is _______ than their response to nervous stimulation.

Accepted Answer

A) faster and briefer 
B) slower and more prolonged 
C) more accurate 
D) more restricted to a small area of the body 
E) more intense 
A) faster and briefer 
B) slower and more prolonged 
C) more accurate 
D) more restricted to a small area of the body 
E) more intense

Question 6

_______ chemical signals are released by cells and affect other cell types locally without being transported in blood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ chemical signals are released by cells...

Question 7

The half-life of a hormone allows one to determine

Accepted Answer

A) the rate of hormone secretion. 
B) the identity of a hormone. 
C) the rate at which hormones are eliminated from the body. 
D) the rate of action of a hormone. 
E) the rate of travel through the blood to a target. 
A) the rate of hormone secretion. 
B) the identity of a hormone. 
C) the rate at which hormones are eliminated from the body. 
D) the rate of action of a hormone. 
E) the rate of travel through the blood to a target.

Question 8

Cortisol,a lipid-soluble hormone is released into the blood.Predict what cortisol might do.

Accepted Answer

A)  can dissolve in the blood as free hormone 
B)  needs fenestrated capillaries to move out of the blood stream 
C)  readily diffuses through capillary wall 
D) rapidly degraded by proteases in the bloodstream 
E)  may have carbohydrates attached to give a longer half-life 
A)  can dissolve in the blood as free hormone 
B)  needs fenestrated capillaries to move out of the blood stream 
C)  readily diffuses through capillary wall 
D) rapidly degraded by proteases in the bloodstream 
E)  may have carbohydrates attached to give a longer half-life

Question 9

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-used by most lipid-soluble hormones

Accepted Answer

A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model 
A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model

Question 10

Up-regulation

Accepted Answer

A) results in a decrease in the number of receptor sites in the target cell. 
B) produces an increase in the sensitivity of the target cell to the hormone. 
C) is found in target cells that maintain a constant level of receptors. 
D) produces insensitivity to the hormone in the target tissue. 
E) moves the receptors up on the membrane. 
A) results in a decrease in the number of receptor sites in the target cell. 
B) produces an increase in the sensitivity of the target cell to the hormone. 
C) is found in target cells that maintain a constant level of receptors. 
D) produces insensitivity to the hormone in the target tissue. 
E) moves the receptors up on the membrane.

Question 11

The length of time needed to eliminate half of a dose of a hormone is called its _______ ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The length of time needed to eliminate...

Question 12

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-intracellular mediator

Accepted Answer

A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model 
A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model

Question 13

Arrange the following events in proper sequence: (1)The activating hormone interacts with a membrane-bound receptor.
(2)Cyclic AMP causes the cell to carry out a function characteristic for that specific hormone.
(3)Adenylyl cyclase catalyzes the transformation of ATP to cyclic AMP.
(4)Adenylyl cyclase is activated.

Accepted Answer

A) 1,2,3,4 
B) 1,4,3,2 
C) 3,4,2,1 
D) 1,3,2,4 
E) 1,3,4,2 
A) 1,2,3,4 
B) 1,4,3,2 
C) 3,4,2,1 
D) 1,3,2,4 
E) 1,3,4,2

Question 14

What type of chemical messenger stimulates the cell that originally secreted it?

Accepted Answer

A) paracrine 
B) neurotransmitter 
C) autocrine 
D) endocrine 
A) paracrine 
B) neurotransmitter 
C) autocrine 
D) endocrine

Question 15

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-generally observe a latent period

Accepted Answer

A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model 
A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model

Question 16

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP involved

Accepted Answer

A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model 
A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model

Question 17

Lipid-soluble hormones can be more easily excreted once they have water-soluble molecules added to their structure in a process called

Accepted Answer

A) saponification. 
B) amplitude-modulation. 
C) conjugation. 
D) protein-binding. 
A) saponification. 
B) amplitude-modulation. 
C) conjugation. 
D) protein-binding.

Question 18

Which chemical class of hormone is more likely to need a binding protein for transport in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A) water-soluble 
B) amino acid derivative 
C) protein 
D) lipid-soluble 
A) water-soluble 
B) amino acid derivative 
C) protein 
D) lipid-soluble

Question 19

In some forms of diabetes,an insensitivity to insulin seems to be present.This insensitivity could be the result of

Accepted Answer

A) up-regulation. 
B) over-regulation. 
C) down-regulation. 
D) a lack of regulation. 
E) modulation. 
A) up-regulation. 
B) over-regulation. 
C) down-regulation. 
D) a lack of regulation. 
E) modulation.

Question 20

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description.
-autocrine

Accepted Answer

A) chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones 
B) chemicals that act locally on nearby cells 
C) chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal 
D) influences same cell type from which it is secreted 
E) chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues 
A) chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones 
B) chemicals that act locally on nearby cells 
C) chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal 
D) influences same cell type from which it is secreted 
E) chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues

Exam 17: Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Hormones act on specific tissues called _______ tissues.

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description. -neuropeptide

When a hormone binds to a membrane-bound receptor and activates G proteins,

Which pattern of hormone secretion,exemplified by thyroid hormones,remains relatively constant over long periods of time?

In general,the response of target cells to endocrine stimulation is _______ than their response to nervous stimulation.

_______ chemical signals are released by cells and affect other cell types locally without being transported in blood.

The half-life of a hormone allows one to determine

Cortisol,a lipid-soluble hormone is released into the blood.Predict what cortisol might do.

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -used by most lipid-soluble hormones

Up-regulation

The length of time needed to eliminate half of a dose of a hormone is called its _______ ________.

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -intracellular mediator

What type of chemical messenger stimulates the cell that originally secreted it?

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -generally observe a latent period

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP involved

Lipid-soluble hormones can be more easily excreted once they have water-soluble molecules added to their structure in a process called

Which chemical class of hormone is more likely to need a binding protein for transport in the blood?

In some forms of diabetes,an insensitivity to insulin seems to be present.This insensitivity could be the result of

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description. -autocrine

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition,metabolism,and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water,electrolyte,and Acid-Based Balance

Reproductive System

Development,growth,aging,and Genetics

Filters

The length of time needed to eliminate half of a dose of a hormone is called its _ __.