Question 1

Which of the following occurs when a hormone binds to a nuclear receptor?

Accepted Answer

A) activation of cyclic AMP 
B) activation of mRNA synthesis 
C) increased lipid synthesis by ribosomes 
D) opens membrane channels 
E) alters membrane permeability 
A) activation of cyclic AMP 
B) activation of mRNA synthesis 
C) increased lipid synthesis by ribosomes 
D) opens membrane channels 
E) alters membrane permeability

Question 2

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description.
-paracrine

Accepted Answer

A) chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones 
B) chemicals that act locally on nearby cells 
C) chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal 
D) influences same cell type from which it is secreted 
E) chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues 
A) chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones 
B) chemicals that act locally on nearby cells 
C) chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal 
D) influences same cell type from which it is secreted 
E) chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues

Question 3

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-membrane channels may be opened or closed

Accepted Answer

A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model 
A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model

Question 4

An intercellular chemical signal that is produced by neurons but functions like a hormone would be called a

Accepted Answer

A) neuropathogen. 
B) neurotransmitter. 
C) neurocrine. 
D) neurohormone. 
E) neurosynthesizer. 
A) neuropathogen. 
B) neurotransmitter. 
C) neurocrine. 
D) neurohormone. 
E) neurosynthesizer.

Question 5

What type of chemical messenger is released from neurons to activate an adjacent cell?

Accepted Answer

A) paracrine 
B) neurotransmitter 
C) autocrine 
D) endocrine 
A) paracrine 
B) neurotransmitter 
C) autocrine 
D) endocrine

Question 6

A water-soluble hormone binds to its receptor on the plasma membrane.Arrange the events that follow in correct sequence. (1)alpha subunit-GTP complex alters cell activity
(2)GTP binds to the alpha subunit replacing GDP
(3)G-protein subunits separate from the receptor
(4)alpha subunit separates from other two subunits
(5)G-protein subunits bind to the receptor

Accepted Answer

A) 5,2,3,4,1 
B) 4,2,1,3,5 
C) 5,2,1,4,3 
D) 5,4,2,1,3 
E) 3,4,1,2,5 
A) 5,2,3,4,1 
B) 4,2,1,3,5 
C) 5,2,1,4,3 
D) 5,4,2,1,3 
E) 3,4,1,2,5

Question 7

Which intracellular mediator is directly activated by the binding of a water-soluble hormone to a membrane receptor?

Accepted Answer

A) cGMP 
B) cAMP 
C) calmodulin 
D) phospholipase C 
A) cGMP 
B) cAMP 
C) calmodulin 
D) phospholipase C

Question 8

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-messenger RNA synthesis regulated

Accepted Answer

A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model 
A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model

Question 9

Which pattern of hormone secretion,represented by epinephrine,can have dramatic changes in its concentration and circulating levels?

Accepted Answer

A) chronic hormone secretion 
B) long-term hormone secretion 
C) episodic hormone secretion 
D) acute hormone secretion 
A) chronic hormone secretion 
B) long-term hormone secretion 
C) episodic hormone secretion 
D) acute hormone secretion

Question 10

Which of the following events occurs last?

Accepted Answer

A) IP3 (inositol triphosphate)is produced. 
B) Epinephrine combines with membrane-bound receptor on smooth muscle cell. 
C) Calmodulin binds to the enzyme that phosphorylates myosin and cross-bridges form. 
D) IP3 stimulates Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. 
E) Ca2+ binds with calmodulin. 
A) IP3 (inositol triphosphate)is produced. 
B) Epinephrine combines with membrane-bound receptor on smooth muscle cell. 
C) Calmodulin binds to the enzyme that phosphorylates myosin and cross-bridges form. 
D) IP3 stimulates Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. 
E) Ca2+ binds with calmodulin.

Question 11

What type of hormone-receptor action allows insulin to move glucose into cells?

Accepted Answer

A) activation of cGMP 
B) activation of adenylate cyclase 
C) direct alteration of intracellular enzymes 
D) phosphorylation of intracellular proteins 
A) activation of cGMP 
B) activation of adenylate cyclase 
C) direct alteration of intracellular enzymes 
D) phosphorylation of intracellular proteins

Question 12

Phosphodiesterase functions

Accepted Answer

A) as a membrane-bound receptor molecule. 
B) to inactivate cyclic AMP. 
C) to attach phosphate groups to enzymes. 
D) to combine GTP with cyclic AMP. 
E) activates cGMP. 
A) as a membrane-bound receptor molecule. 
B) to inactivate cyclic AMP. 
C) to attach phosphate groups to enzymes. 
D) to combine GTP with cyclic AMP. 
E) activates cGMP.

Question 13

Hormones are intercellular chemical signals that

Accepted Answer

A) are secreted into the external environment where they act. 
B) affect only non-hormone producing organs or tissues. 
C) help coordinate growth,development and reproduction. 
D) operate primarily by positive feedback. 
A) are secreted into the external environment where they act. 
B) affect only non-hormone producing organs or tissues. 
C) help coordinate growth,development and reproduction. 
D) operate primarily by positive feedback.

Question 14

Hormonal secretion can be regulated by

Accepted Answer

A) the action of a substance other than a hormone. 
B) the nervous system. 
C) other hormones. 
D) All of these choices are correct. 
E) None of these choices is correct. 
A) the action of a substance other than a hormone. 
B) the nervous system. 
C) other hormones. 
D) All of these choices are correct. 
E) None of these choices is correct.

Question 15

Given the following list of organic molecules,which includes hormones? 1)nucleic acid derivatives 2)polypeptides 3)steroids 4)proteins

Accepted Answer

A) 1,3,4 
B) 1,2,3 
C) 2,3,4 
D) 1,2,3,4 
E) 1,2,4 
A) 1,3,4 
B) 1,2,3 
C) 2,3,4 
D) 1,2,3,4 
E) 1,2,4

Question 16

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A) The hypothalamus is important to both the nervous and endocrine systems. 
B) Both the nervous and endocrine systems may utilize the same chemical molecule. 
C) Some neurons secrete hormones. 
D) Both the nervous and endocrine systems respond quickly and are active for a long time. 
A) The hypothalamus is important to both the nervous and endocrine systems. 
B) Both the nervous and endocrine systems may utilize the same chemical molecule. 
C) Some neurons secrete hormones. 
D) Both the nervous and endocrine systems respond quickly and are active for a long time.

Question 17

When a few intracellular mediator molecules activate several enzymes,and each of these activated enzymes activate still other enzymes,the hormone has initiated

Accepted Answer

A) a cascade effect. 
B) a double loop effect. 
C) a protein kinase effect. 
D) a cyclic effect. 
E) a negative feedback cycle. 
A) a cascade effect. 
B) a double loop effect. 
C) a protein kinase effect. 
D) a cyclic effect. 
E) a negative feedback cycle.

Question 18

Most endocrine glands communicate with their target tissues using _____ signals.

Accepted Answer

A) frequency-modulated 
B) amplitude-modulated 
C) pitch-modulated 
D) resonance-modulated 
A) frequency-modulated 
B) amplitude-modulated 
C) pitch-modulated 
D) resonance-modulated

Question 19

Steroid hormones

Accepted Answer

A) bind to membrane receptors. 
B) diffuse easily through the plasma membrane. 
C) act by activating cAMP. 
D) are inactivated by phosphodiesterase. 
E) are water soluble. 
A) bind to membrane receptors. 
B) diffuse easily through the plasma membrane. 
C) act by activating cAMP. 
D) are inactivated by phosphodiesterase. 
E) are water soluble.

Question 20

Which chemical type of hormone has a longer half-life?

Accepted Answer

A) lipid-soluble 
B) protein 
C) water-soluble 
D) amino acid derivative 
A) lipid-soluble 
B) protein 
C) water-soluble 
D) amino acid derivative

Exam 17: Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Which of the following occurs when a hormone binds to a nuclear receptor?

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description. -paracrine

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -membrane channels may be opened or closed

An intercellular chemical signal that is produced by neurons but functions like a hormone would be called a

What type of chemical messenger is released from neurons to activate an adjacent cell?

Which intracellular mediator is directly activated by the binding of a water-soluble hormone to a membrane receptor?

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -messenger RNA synthesis regulated

Which pattern of hormone secretion,represented by epinephrine,can have dramatic changes in its concentration and circulating levels?

Which of the following events occurs last?

What type of hormone-receptor action allows insulin to move glucose into cells?

Phosphodiesterase functions

Hormones are intercellular chemical signals that

Hormonal secretion can be regulated by

Given the following list of organic molecules,which includes hormones? 1)nucleic acid derivatives 2)polypeptides 3)steroids 4)proteins

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

When a few intracellular mediator molecules activate several enzymes,and each of these activated enzymes activate still other enzymes,the hormone has initiated

Most endocrine glands communicate with their target tissues using _____ signals.

Steroid hormones

Which chemical type of hormone has a longer half-life?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition,metabolism,and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water,electrolyte,and Acid-Based Balance

Reproductive System

Development,growth,aging,and Genetics

Filters