Exam 8: Introduction-To-Design

​A research study that does not have random assignment can still be an experiment if there is a proper control group.

​Temporal precedence means the effect occurs before the cause.

​When some event other than the program occurs at the same time and affects the outcome of a study,there is a(n)____ threat.

​Mehmet is conducting a study aimed at improving the problem solving abilities of older adults.Prior to the intervention,all of the participants are given a series of problems to solve and,in the process of trying to solve them,many of the participants refine their approaches to problem solving.As a result,Mehmet's study has a(n)____ threat.

​ Figure TB 8-4 ​ -​What type of design is shown in the accompanying figure?

​When a significant number of participants drop out,there is a(n)_______________ threat to internal validity.

​The only way to address threats to internal validity is via random assignment.

​If there is not random assignment,and there is neither a control group nor multiple measures,a research study must be said to be a(n)_______________.

​Christopher has developed a behavioral method that he believes will help people quit smoking.He recruits a group of 25 people who want to quit smoking and begins his intervention.By the time the intervention ends,only eight people remain,but they have all quit smoking.This is an example of a(n)____ threat.

​Wanda is conducting a study of social behaviors among children who are considered to be at high risk because one or both of their parents is in prison.Two observers rate the children's social skills,perform an intervention that consists of structured socialization opportunities,and then rate the children's social skills again.Unfortunately,neither of her original observers are available after the intervention,so she has to use two new observers.As a result,Wanda has a(n)____ threat.

​The statistical phenomenon that falsely makes it appear that your group changed to be more like the overall population between the pretest and posttest is referred to as _______________ to the mean.

​The statistical phenomenon that causes a group's average performance on one measure to appear closer to the mean of that measure at the second measurement is referred to as a(n)____ threat.

​What is the regression threat in a single group design?

​If there is random assignment,a research study can be said to be a(n)_______________.

​Quasi-experimental designs use random assignment.

​_______________ or imitation of treatment occurs when a comparison group learns about the program either directly or indirectly from program group participants.

Narrative 8-1: The Reality Show Two groups are competing on a television reality show to determine which can lose the most weight.Every week,the groups have a special competition to determine which group will get extra help,in the form of exercise training,dietary counseling,or other skills development. -​The Green Team has won six weeks in a row,and the Blue Team,rather than being discouraged,is working their weight loss program with extra determination.This is classified as ____.

​In research design notation,the letter X signifies a(n)_______________.

​An instrumentation threat occurs when taking the pretest affects how participants do on the posttest.

​ Figure TB 8-5 -​What type of design is shown in the accompanying figure?