Exam 5: Attitudes: Evaluating and Responding to the Social World

The fact that we tend to pay particular attention to information that supports our attitudes and to direct our attention away from information that is contrary to our attitudes is known as ________.

Which of the following is a condition that makes the less-leads-to-more effect likely to occur?

If,as Arkes and Tetlock have speculated,Jesse Jackson were to "fail" an IAT that asks about his attitudes toward African Americans,it is because ________.

A form of social learning that occurs when responses to a particular stimulus lead to positive outcomes or allow the person to avoid negative outcomes is called ________.

Emma is trying to convince her professor that he gave her an unfair grade.She continues to pester him for several days,as her arguments become ever more extreme.Ultimately,the professor tells Emma,"I will not change your grade;moreover,you should be thankful for the grade you received!" Emma's professor likely resisted changing her grade because he ________.

Forewarning generally improves resistance to persuasion--but not always.Describe briefly how forewarning may produce attitude change in the direction of the message.What motivation might drive such a result? What role might source credibility play?

A campaign manager has advised the candidate he represents to make sure there is a "spontaneous" demonstration of support for him during the candidate's next major speech.Given that the candidate relies on his audience's peripheral processing of his emotion-laden persuasive messages,the demonstration is useful because ________.

Juan feels unsure about the correctness of his attitude about a new rule at his job.He may feel more correct in his attitude if ________.

In a study,people who were at risk for serious illness,but did not see themselves as such (compared to those who accurately saw themselves as at risk)were persuaded to be tested because the persuasive message was framed in terms of ________.

Marcus felt clearer about his attitude regarding a school policy after meeting with other students about it.The change came about because ________.

Having people advocate some attitude publicly,and then reminding them that their espoused attitude doesn't match their personal behavior,is used to generate feelings of ________.

________ conditioning is a form of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to cause the same behavior as another stimulus.

Which of the following examples BEST illustrates a situation where there is a gap between our attitudes and behavior?

________ is our negative reaction to perceived threats to our personal freedom.

Subliminal conditioning ________.

People can be conditioned to respond to a stimulus they are not aware of.This is called ________ conditioning.

Suppose a breaking news story has occurred involving an incident of terrorism.A certain news station invites a well-respected terrorism scholar to discuss the event.His views will likely be persuasive because he will be seen as ________.

Susan expresses indignation about illegal immigrants to one group of friends,but advocates for amnesty to another group.This is possible for her because ________.

The strongest attitudes for an individual are usually acquired through ________.

Discuss the role of learning in attitude formation.