Exam 5: Attitudes: Evaluating and Responding to the Social World

Participants were asked to make a videotape advocating the use of condoms.Half were then asked to think about reasons they had not used condoms,while the other half thought about reasons why other students had not.Later on,each group was asked to choose between purchasing condoms or making a donation to a worthy cause.Please briefly discuss what psychological outcomes were the result of the initial manipulation,and then explain why one group was more likely to select the purchasing condoms option than the other.

Fazio's attitude-to-behavior process model suggests that an event may activate an attitude and ________,which both influence our behavior.

Fishbein and Ajzen's theory of planned behavior suggests that the choice of whether or not to engage in a specific behavior is determined ________.

If Billy tells his friend that he intends to vote for a certain candidate,then Billy's intention reflects a(n)________.

People can become more resistant to attitudinal changes if they are first presented with opposing views and ________.

One study employing the IAT suggests that the gender gap in wages may be linked to implicit attitudes.Which of the following findings support this idea?

Attitudes are ________.

Cognitive dissonance arises when we notice a discrepancy between our attitudes and our behaviors.One way we can reduce the dissonance is by ________.

The earliest research involving persuasion,by Hovland and others,focused on what three key elements?

When we mistakenly believe that others' attitudes are different from our own,we are exhibiting ________.

Having not met any members of a new social group,you hear a person expressing negative views of that group.Your attitude toward the new group would not be likely influenced by hearing this negative message if ________.

Apart from its effect on the study of attitude change,describe how the advent of Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory impacted our understanding of conditioning.What type of conditioning is most impacted by cognitive dissonance findings? In which model (conditioning or dissonance)is cognition viewed as a non-observable cause of behavior (and why is that important)? Describe the differing predictions the two approaches would make for Festinger's experiment,referring in detail to aspects of the induced-compliance "$1/$20" paradigm.

People tend to prefer situations that allow them to ________.

Wendy,Greta,Tom,and Bill have all made New Year's resolutions to lose weight.Based on the information below,which of them is MOST likely to lose weight?

Classical conditioning suggests that people can learn to ________.

By reinforcing children with smiles,hugs,or attention when they repeat things they've heard their parents say,parents are using ________ to shape their children's attitudes.

One basic form of learning that helps to form our attitudes occurs when a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to cause reactions that were originally caused by another stimulus.This type of learning is known as ________.

Jason has been listening to a talk show concerning animal rights.This is an issue that he cares deeply about and he is very knowledgeable about the topic.Jason is most likely to be persuaded by ________.

According to the theory of planned behavior,our behavioral intentions are partially determined by our attitudes toward a particular behavior,our perceptions of our ability to perform the behavior,and ________.

According to the process of instrumental conditioning,behavior will be displayed often by an individual if ________.