Question 1

What do psychologists call the decrease in individual effort that occurs when people engage in a shared group activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  social facilitation 
B)  social loafing 
C)  deindividuation 
D)  group polarization 
A)  social facilitation 
B)  social loafing 
C)  deindividuation 
D)  group polarization B

Question 2

Tuckman and Jensen propose that groups develop through stages.In order,what are these stages?

Accepted Answer

A)  forming,storming,norming,performing,adjourning 
B)  forming,norming,storming,performing,adjourning 
C)  forming,performing,storming,norming,adjourning 
D)  forming,norming,performing,storming,adjourning 
A)  forming,storming,norming,performing,adjourning 
B)  forming,norming,storming,performing,adjourning 
C)  forming,performing,storming,norming,adjourning 
D)  forming,norming,performing,storming,adjourning A

Question 3

Which of the following would be an effective way for a leader to reduce the possibility of groupthink?

Accepted Answer

A)  express her opinion only after other group members have voiced their opinions 
B)  emphasize that the group decision must be a unanimous one 
C)  take a more directive role in the group discussion 
D)  appoint a few people in the group to act as "mindguards" 
A)  express her opinion only after other group members have voiced their opinions 
B)  emphasize that the group decision must be a unanimous one 
C)  take a more directive role in the group discussion 
D)  appoint a few people in the group to act as "mindguards" A

Question 4

How does working in groups affect the use of heuristics in information-processing?

Accepted Answer

A)  If the individuals who comprise the group are prone to rely on a particular heuristic,the group will be even less likely to use this heuristic. 
B)  If the individuals who comprise the group are prone to rely on a particular heuristic,the group will be even more likely to use this heuristic. 
C)  Regardless of the information-processing propensities of individual group members,groups are less likely than individuals to rely on heuristics. 
D)  Regardless of the information-processing propensities of individual group members,groups are more likely than individuals to rely on heuristics. 
A)  If the individuals who comprise the group are prone to rely on a particular heuristic,the group will be even less likely to use this heuristic. 
B)  If the individuals who comprise the group are prone to rely on a particular heuristic,the group will be even more likely to use this heuristic. 
C)  Regardless of the information-processing propensities of individual group members,groups are less likely than individuals to rely on heuristics. 
D)  Regardless of the information-processing propensities of individual group members,groups are more likely than individuals to rely on heuristics.

Question 5

Terry and his co-workers are trying to develop a creative direct mail campaign that will increase sales of their new snowboard.Which of the following strategies is least likely to yield high-quality ideas?

Accepted Answer

A)  holding a brainstorming session with a facilitator trained in group brainstorming 
B)  forming an interactive group employing electronic brainstorming 
C)  holding a brainstorming session using Osborn's ground rules for brainstorming 
D)  creating "nominal groups" and working independently 
A)  holding a brainstorming session with a facilitator trained in group brainstorming 
B)  forming an interactive group employing electronic brainstorming 
C)  holding a brainstorming session using Osborn's ground rules for brainstorming 
D)  creating "nominal groups" and working independently

Question 6

Compared to Tuckman and Jensen's (1977)stages of group development,what does Gersick (1988)suggest about groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  Groups develop gradually through a series of stages. 
B)  Groups adopt problem-solving strategies relatively quickly in their development. 
C)  Groups progress through the first stage of development rather quickly,but relatively slowly through the latter stages. 
D)  There is little variability between groups in the course of development. 
A)  Groups develop gradually through a series of stages. 
B)  Groups adopt problem-solving strategies relatively quickly in their development. 
C)  Groups progress through the first stage of development rather quickly,but relatively slowly through the latter stages. 
D)  There is little variability between groups in the course of development.

Question 7

Harriett goes trick-or-treating on Halloween.She arrives at her neighbour's door just as the phone is ringing.Her neighbour puts the candy on the table and says,"I need to get the phone,so help yourself to whatever kind of candy you want,but please take only one piece." Which of the following would most encourage Harriett to take only one piece of candy?

Accepted Answer

A)  if her neighbour was not able to identify Harriett behind her costume 
B)  if Harriett is dressed up as a Girl Scout 
C)  if the candy is placed in front of a Jack-o-lantern 
D)  if Harriett is two years old rather than twelve years old 
A)  if her neighbour was not able to identify Harriett behind her costume 
B)  if Harriett is dressed up as a Girl Scout 
C)  if the candy is placed in front of a Jack-o-lantern 
D)  if Harriett is two years old rather than twelve years old

Question 8

Based on the social comparison explanation of group polarization,which of the following should have the most influence on group members' attitudes toward an issue?

Accepted Answer

A)  how different their attitudes are from those of an outgroup 
B)  those in the ingroup who favour a cautious approach 
C)  the number of people in their group who share that attitude 
D)  those in the ingroup who offer the most arguments relevant to the issue 
A)  how different their attitudes are from those of an outgroup 
B)  those in the ingroup who favour a cautious approach 
C)  the number of people in their group who share that attitude 
D)  those in the ingroup who offer the most arguments relevant to the issue

Question 9

Why are self-directed work groups particularly susceptible to groupthink?

Accepted Answer

A)  because they often operate under time pressure 
B)  because they lack group cohesion 
C)  because they tend to be relatively heterogeneous 
D)  because they tend to have strong decision-making procedures in place 
A)  because they often operate under time pressure 
B)  because they lack group cohesion 
C)  because they tend to be relatively heterogeneous 
D)  because they tend to have strong decision-making procedures in place

Question 10

Your psychology professor calls you in front of the class and asks you to answer practice exam questions in front of everyone.You find the questions to be easy.According to the model of social facilitation,how should you perform in front of the class compared to working on the questions alone?

Accepted Answer

A)  You would respond more slowly but get more correct answers. 
B)  You would respond more quickly but get more incorrect answers. 
C)  You would perform better if the task is well practised. 
D)  You would perform worse if the task is newly learned. 
A)  You would respond more slowly but get more correct answers. 
B)  You would respond more quickly but get more incorrect answers. 
C)  You would perform better if the task is well practised. 
D)  You would perform worse if the task is newly learned.

Question 11

Esteban's work group has been assigned a new project by management.Before deciding how much effort to exert on this new assignment,Esteban considers how important the group goals are to him and whether his input will help the group reach its goals.Which of the following is most consistent with Esteban's thinking?

Accepted Answer

A)  distraction-conflict theory 
B)  the collective effort model 
C)  the social identity model of deindividuation 
D)  persuasive arguments theory 
A)  distraction-conflict theory 
B)  the collective effort model 
C)  the social identity model of deindividuation 
D)  persuasive arguments theory

Question 12

At crowded parties,Amy loses her sense of self and,as a result,often behaves in ways that she later regrets.For Amy,what do these parties seem to create?

Accepted Answer

A)  deindividuation 
B)  cohesiveness 
C)  groupthink 
D)  entrapment 
A)  deindividuation 
B)  cohesiveness 
C)  groupthink 
D)  entrapment

Question 13

It seems that every Halloween night,the city of Gotham is marred by violence and vandalism.Which of the following recommendations by the leaders of Gotham should lead to the reduction of such behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease self-awareness by making sure everyone who goes out has a cellphone or mp3 player 
B)  decrease anonymity by making sure that everyone goes out alone 
C)  make sure that people only venture outside in groups 
D)  create a highly stimulating environment by playing loud Halloween music over all public address systems 
A)  decrease self-awareness by making sure everyone who goes out has a cellphone or mp3 player 
B)  decrease anonymity by making sure that everyone goes out alone 
C)  make sure that people only venture outside in groups 
D)  create a highly stimulating environment by playing loud Halloween music over all public address systems

Question 14

Jean-Paul works for a public television station.He has been assigned to run the fund drive necessary to keep the station on the air in various communities.Suppose that keeping the station on the air in a given community is contingent upon the percentage of people in the community that donate money.Which of the following is most likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jean-Paul will get more donations from people who have a collectivist orientation than from those who have an individualist orientation. 
B)  Jean-Paul will be likely to get a greater percentage of donations from people living in the city than from people living in smaller close-knit communities. 
C)  Whether the people Jean-Paul speaks with are in a good mood or a bad mood will have no influence on their willingness to donate. 
D)  If Jean-Paul is truthful and tells people that many others have already donated,people will be less likely to donate their own money. 
A)  Jean-Paul will get more donations from people who have a collectivist orientation than from those who have an individualist orientation. 
B)  Jean-Paul will be likely to get a greater percentage of donations from people living in the city than from people living in smaller close-knit communities. 
C)  Whether the people Jean-Paul speaks with are in a good mood or a bad mood will have no influence on their willingness to donate. 
D)  If Jean-Paul is truthful and tells people that many others have already donated,people will be less likely to donate their own money.

Question 15

What do psychologists call objectives that elicit cooperation by appealing to people's self-interest?

Accepted Answer

A)  superordinate goals 
B)  self-serving biases 
C)  dominant responses 
D)  social comparisons 
A)  superordinate goals 
B)  self-serving biases 
C)  dominant responses 
D)  social comparisons

Question 16

A team of people decides to donate money to their favourite charity.What kind of task are they engaging in?

Accepted Answer

A)  an additive task 
B)  a conjunctive task 
C)  a disjunctive task 
D)  a collective task 
A)  an additive task 
B)  a conjunctive task 
C)  a disjunctive task 
D)  a collective task

Question 17

Four groups,A,B,C,and D,are meeting separately.Each is making an important decision.Below is one quotation overheard from each group's meeting.Based on these quotations,which group seems least likely to fall victim to groupthink?

Accepted Answer

A)  A: "The good Lord is on our side." 
B)  B: "This is not the time nor the place to bring up worst-case scenarios." 
C)  C: "This has to be done right even if it takes us all day to decide." 
D)  D: "The threat is very real and we must act decisively and unanimously." 
A)  A: "The good Lord is on our side." 
B)  B: "This is not the time nor the place to bring up worst-case scenarios." 
C)  C: "This has to be done right even if it takes us all day to decide." 
D)  D: "The threat is very real and we must act decisively and unanimously."

Question 18

Johnson and Downing (1979)found that participants wearing nurses' uniforms delivered lower levels of shock when they were anonymous than when they were identifiable.What does this finding suggest that deindividuation causes people to do?

Accepted Answer

A)  It causes them to feel that the normative standards of the group do not apply to them. 
B)  It causes them to engage in destructive behaviour when they are anonymous. 
C)  It causes them to rely more heavily on personal standards of behaviour when they are anonymous. 
D)  It causes them to act in ways that are consistent with the norms of the most salient group. 
A)  It causes them to feel that the normative standards of the group do not apply to them. 
B)  It causes them to engage in destructive behaviour when they are anonymous. 
C)  It causes them to rely more heavily on personal standards of behaviour when they are anonymous. 
D)  It causes them to act in ways that are consistent with the norms of the most salient group.

Question 19

Martha and Janice both live in Vancouver.Martha lives in False Creek and Janice lives in the West End.In which of the following scenarios would they be most likely to consider themselves in the same group?

Accepted Answer

A)  They both play softball and their teams are playing in a local tournament. 
B)  They both raise funds for the same charity. 
C)  They both shop at Safeway,the grocery store chain in their neighbourhood. 
D)  They both use Vancouver transit. 
A)  They both play softball and their teams are playing in a local tournament. 
B)  They both raise funds for the same charity. 
C)  They both shop at Safeway,the grocery store chain in their neighbourhood. 
D)  They both use Vancouver transit.

Question 20

Rashid is considering employing a computerized group decision support system to increase the quality of decision-making in his company.Which of the following explains why this may work?

Accepted Answer

A)  The anonymity of computer-mediated discussions increases reliance on information-processing heuristics. 
B)  There is no accountability in computer-mediated discussions. 
C)  The probability of process loss will be increased as multiple people attempt to speak at the same time. 
D)  Computer-mediated discussions tend to reduce biased sampling of information. 
A)  The anonymity of computer-mediated discussions increases reliance on information-processing heuristics. 
B)  There is no accountability in computer-mediated discussions. 
C)  The probability of process loss will be increased as multiple people attempt to speak at the same time. 
D)  Computer-mediated discussions tend to reduce biased sampling of information.

What do psychologists call the decrease in individual effort that occurs when people engage in a shared group activity?

Tuckman and Jensen propose that groups develop through stages.In order,what are these stages?

Which of the following would be an effective way for a leader to reduce the possibility of groupthink?

How does working in groups affect the use of heuristics in information-processing?

Terry and his co-workers are trying to develop a creative direct mail campaign that will increase sales of their new snowboard.Which of the following strategies is least likely to yield high-quality ideas?

Compared to Tuckman and Jensen's (1977)stages of group development,what does Gersick (1988)suggest about groups?

Based on the social comparison explanation of group polarization,which of the following should have the most influence on group members' attitudes toward an issue?

Why are self-directed work groups particularly susceptible to groupthink?

Your psychology professor calls you in front of the class and asks you to answer practice exam questions in front of everyone.You find the questions to be easy.According to the model of social facilitation,how should you perform in front of the class compared to working on the questions alone?

At crowded parties,Amy loses her sense of self and,as a result,often behaves in ways that she later regrets.For Amy,what do these parties seem to create?

It seems that every Halloween night,the city of Gotham is marred by violence and vandalism.Which of the following recommendations by the leaders of Gotham should lead to the reduction of such behaviour?

What do psychologists call objectives that elicit cooperation by appealing to people's self-interest?

A team of people decides to donate money to their favourite charity.What kind of task are they engaging in?

Four groups,A,B,C,and D,are meeting separately.Each is making an important decision.Below is one quotation overheard from each group's meeting.Based on these quotations,which group seems least likely to fall victim to groupthink?

Johnson and Downing (1979)found that participants wearing nurses' uniforms delivered lower levels of shock when they were anonymous than when they were identifiable.What does this finding suggest that deindividuation causes people to do?

Martha and Janice both live in Vancouver.Martha lives in False Creek and Janice lives in the West End.In which of the following scenarios would they be most likely to consider themselves in the same group?

Rashid is considering employing a computerized group decision support system to increase the quality of decision-making in his company.Which of the following explains why this may work?

Introduction

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Perceiving Persons

Stereotypes,prejudice,and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Law

Health

Filters

Exam 8: Group Processes

What do psychologists call the decrease in individual effort that occurs when people engage in a shared group activity?

Tuckman and Jensen propose that groups develop through stages.In order,what are these stages?

Which of the following would be an effective way for a leader to reduce the possibility of groupthink?

How does working in groups affect the use of heuristics in information-processing?

Terry and his co-workers are trying to develop a creative direct mail campaign that will increase sales of their new snowboard.Which of the following strategies is least likely to yield high-quality ideas?

Compared to Tuckman and Jensen's (1977)stages of group development,what does Gersick (1988)suggest about groups?

Based on the social comparison explanation of group polarization,which of the following should have the most influence on group members' attitudes toward an issue?

Why are self-directed work groups particularly susceptible to groupthink?

Your psychology professor calls you in front of the class and asks you to answer practice exam questions in front of everyone.You find the questions to be easy.According to the model of social facilitation,how should you perform in front of the class compared to working on the questions alone?

At crowded parties,Amy loses her sense of self and,as a result,often behaves in ways that she later regrets.For Amy,what do these parties seem to create?

It seems that every Halloween night,the city of Gotham is marred by violence and vandalism.Which of the following recommendations by the leaders of Gotham should lead to the reduction of such behaviour?

What do psychologists call objectives that elicit cooperation by appealing to people's self-interest?

A team of people decides to donate money to their favourite charity.What kind of task are they engaging in?

Four groups,A,B,C,and D,are meeting separately.Each is making an important decision.Below is one quotation overheard from each group's meeting.Based on these quotations,which group seems least likely to fall victim to groupthink?

Johnson and Downing (1979)found that participants wearing nurses' uniforms delivered lower levels of shock when they were anonymous than when they were identifiable.What does this finding suggest that deindividuation causes people to do?

Martha and Janice both live in Vancouver.Martha lives in False Creek and Janice lives in the West End.In which of the following scenarios would they be most likely to consider themselves in the same group?

Rashid is considering employing a computerized group decision support system to increase the quality of decision-making in his company.Which of the following explains why this may work?

Introduction

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Perceiving Persons

Stereotypes,prejudice,and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Law

Health

Filters