Question 1

Kelley's theory of attribution suggests that,in trying to discern personal characteristics from behavioural evidence,people will tend to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  use cognitive heuristics improperly 
B)  usually attribute behaviour to both personal and situational factors 
C)  fail to adequately consider consensus information 
D)  behave like scientists and engage in informal experiments 
A)  use cognitive heuristics improperly 
B)  usually attribute behaviour to both personal and situational factors 
C)  fail to adequately consider consensus information 
D)  behave like scientists and engage in informal experiments D

Question 2

According to research by Pryor and Merluzzi (1985),how does dating experience influence the use of a script for a first date?

Accepted Answer

A)  It was more easily recalled and organized by participants with extensive dating experience. 
B)  It was more easily recalled and organized by participants with moderate dating experience. 
C)  It was more easily recalled but more difficult to organize for participants with extensive dating experience. 
D)  It was more easily recalled but more difficult to organize for participants with moderate dating experience. 
A)  It was more easily recalled and organized by participants with extensive dating experience. 
B)  It was more easily recalled and organized by participants with moderate dating experience. 
C)  It was more easily recalled but more difficult to organize for participants with extensive dating experience. 
D)  It was more easily recalled but more difficult to organize for participants with moderate dating experience. A

Question 3

According to Miller's (1984)research,how do American and Indian participants differ in the likelihood of making personal or situational attributions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Among young children,Americans were more likely to make personal attributions and Indians were more likely to make situational attributions;no cultural differences emerged with adult participants. 
B)  Among young children,Americans were more likely to make situational attributions and Indians were more likely to make personal attributions;no cultural differences emerged with adult participants. 
C)  No cultural differences emerged with young children,but among adults,Americans were more likely to make personal attributions and Indians were more likely to make situational attributions. 
D)  No cultural differences emerged with young children,but among adults,Americans were more likely to make situational attributions and Indians were more likely to make personal attributions. 
A)  Among young children,Americans were more likely to make personal attributions and Indians were more likely to make situational attributions;no cultural differences emerged with adult participants. 
B)  Among young children,Americans were more likely to make situational attributions and Indians were more likely to make personal attributions;no cultural differences emerged with adult participants. 
C)  No cultural differences emerged with young children,but among adults,Americans were more likely to make personal attributions and Indians were more likely to make situational attributions. 
D)  No cultural differences emerged with young children,but among adults,Americans were more likely to make situational attributions and Indians were more likely to make personal attributions. C

Question 4

Colin and Erin are waiting to meet with their caterer so that they can discuss the menu for their wedding.The caterer is 30 minutes late and still hasn't arrived.Colin suggests that the caterer is probably delayed because of traffic.Erin suggests that the caterer is probably disorganized and unreliable.What kind of attribution is Colin making?

Accepted Answer

A)  a dispositional attribution 
B)  a situational attribution 
C)  a personal attribution 
D)  a correspondent attribution 
A)  a dispositional attribution 
B)  a situational attribution 
C)  a personal attribution 
D)  a correspondent attribution

Question 5

When do we form impressions of others?

Accepted Answer

A)  our impressions are formed only after knowing the person for a considerable period of time 
B)  our impressions are formed after knowing a person for a few hours 
C)  our impressions are formed after knowing a person for a few minutes 
D)  our impressions are formed after knowing a person for a few seconds 
A)  our impressions are formed only after knowing the person for a considerable period of time 
B)  our impressions are formed after knowing a person for a few hours 
C)  our impressions are formed after knowing a person for a few minutes 
D)  our impressions are formed after knowing a person for a few seconds

Question 6

What do psychologists call the tendency to mentally undo events or to ask "What if…?"?

Accepted Answer

A)  the base-rate fallacy 
B)  attribution 
C)  counterfactual thinking 
D)  the fundamental attribution error 
A)  the base-rate fallacy 
B)  attribution 
C)  counterfactual thinking 
D)  the fundamental attribution error

Question 7

How likely are we to we make errors in impression formation?

Accepted Answer

A)  People frequently make errors judging others and are rarely accurate in impression formation. 
B)  People frequently exhibit bias in their perceptions of others.However,their biases do not necessarily result in inaccurate impression formation. 
C)  People frequently exhibit bias in their perceptions of others.Such bias results in inaccurate impression formation. 
D)  People infrequently exhibit bias and,as a result,rarely make errors in impression formation. 
A)  People frequently make errors judging others and are rarely accurate in impression formation. 
B)  People frequently exhibit bias in their perceptions of others.However,their biases do not necessarily result in inaccurate impression formation. 
C)  People frequently exhibit bias in their perceptions of others.Such bias results in inaccurate impression formation. 
D)  People infrequently exhibit bias and,as a result,rarely make errors in impression formation.

Question 8

Al,Saul,Steve,and Kris are each observing Bob's behaviour during a group meeting.Which of them should be the most likely to commit the fundamental attribution error when making inferences from Bob's behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  Al,who is not cognitively busy or distracted 
B)  Saul,who is very motivated to make accurate inferences about Bob 
C)  Steve,who is suspicious of Bob's motives 
D)  Kris,who is focused more on Bob's actual behaviour than on the overall context 
A)  Al,who is not cognitively busy or distracted 
B)  Saul,who is very motivated to make accurate inferences about Bob 
C)  Steve,who is suspicious of Bob's motives 
D)  Kris,who is focused more on Bob's actual behaviour than on the overall context

Question 9

In the Jones and Harris (1967)study,participants read essays that either supported or opposed Cuban leader Fidel Castro.Participants were either led to believe that the essay writers had chosen their own stance to write about (choice condition),or that the writers had been forced to adopt the position put forth in the essay (forced condition).What did the results of this study demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  It demonstrated that only in the choice condition did participants believe that the arguments in the essay were somewhat indicative of the writer's true Castro attitudes. 
B)  It demonstrated that participants in both conditions were equally likely to believe that the essay revealed information about the writer's true Castro attitudes. 
C)  It demonstrated that that in the forced condition,participants understood that the beliefs presented in the essay were chosen by the professor and made no attributions about the writer's beliefs. 
D)  It demonstrated support for the idea of the fundamental attribution error. 
A)  It demonstrated that only in the choice condition did participants believe that the arguments in the essay were somewhat indicative of the writer's true Castro attitudes. 
B)  It demonstrated that participants in both conditions were equally likely to believe that the essay revealed information about the writer's true Castro attitudes. 
C)  It demonstrated that that in the forced condition,participants understood that the beliefs presented in the essay were chosen by the professor and made no attributions about the writer's beliefs. 
D)  It demonstrated support for the idea of the fundamental attribution error.

Question 10

In which of the following situations are people most likely commit the fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

A)  when they use the availability heuristic to make attributions 
B)  when they are unaware of the actor's feelings about the particular behaviour 
C)  when they attempt to explain their own behaviour 
D)  when they are aware of the situational constraints of the behaviour 
A)  when they use the availability heuristic to make attributions 
B)  when they are unaware of the actor's feelings about the particular behaviour 
C)  when they attempt to explain their own behaviour 
D)  when they are aware of the situational constraints of the behaviour

Question 11

Based on research on counterfactual thinking,in which of the following scenarios is Tim most likely to feel upset about missing his plane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tim's cab was an hour late and he arrived at the airport 40 minutes after the plane departed. 
B)  Tim's car got a flat tire on the way to the airport and he arrived at the airport 20 minutes after the plane departed. 
C)  Tim left the house on time but had to turn back to get his presentation and he arrived at the airport just as the plane departed. 
D)  Tim slept in and he arrived at the airport 60 minutes after the plane departed. 
A)  Tim's cab was an hour late and he arrived at the airport 40 minutes after the plane departed. 
B)  Tim's car got a flat tire on the way to the airport and he arrived at the airport 20 minutes after the plane departed. 
C)  Tim left the house on time but had to turn back to get his presentation and he arrived at the airport just as the plane departed. 
D)  Tim slept in and he arrived at the airport 60 minutes after the plane departed.

Question 12

Maureen is sitting on a jury in a criminal trial for an alleged rapist.The rape victim takes the stand.Maureen decides not vote "Not guilty," believing that the victim should have known better than to be dressed suggestively,and to have walked around that area of town when the bars close.What does this kind of reasoning illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  the belief in a just world 
B)  the false-consensus effect 
C)  implicit personality theory 
D)  priming 
A)  the belief in a just world 
B)  the false-consensus effect 
C)  implicit personality theory 
D)  priming

Question 13

Describe the availability heuristic.Explain how it can lead to the false-consensus effect.

Accepted Answer

The availability heuristic is an informa

Question 14

Though she doesn't usually watch television,Danielle never misses My Big Fat Obnoxious Fiancé on Monday nights.Which of the following best describes Danielle's behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  low in consistency 
B)  high in distinctiveness 
C)  low in consensus 
D)  high in covariation 
A)  low in consistency 
B)  high in distinctiveness 
C)  low in consensus 
D)  high in covariation

Question 15

Which of the following is considered a "primary" emotion?

Accepted Answer

A)  shame 
B)  surprise 
C)  disappointment 
D)  anxiety 
A)  shame 
B)  surprise 
C)  disappointment 
D)  anxiety

Question 16

You watch a commercial of Lebron James endorsing a new basketball shoe.Although you know that James was paid to endorse the shoes and didn't even write the endorsement himself,you still think that James really likes the new shoes.What does this example illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  the confirmation bias 
B)  the false-consensus effect 
C)  the actor-observer effect 
D)  the fundamental attribution error 
A)  the confirmation bias 
B)  the false-consensus effect 
C)  the actor-observer effect 
D)  the fundamental attribution error

Question 17

Research by Kenny et al.(1994)suggests that perceivers are most likely to agree in their judgments of which of the following personality factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  extroversion 
B)  conscientiousness 
C)  locus of control 
D)  emotional stability 
A)  extroversion 
B)  conscientiousness 
C)  locus of control 
D)  emotional stability

Question 18

In Jones and Davis's correspondent inference theory,which of the following questions is best used to determine whether a particular behaviour corresponds to an enduring personal characteristic of the actor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Did the behaviour violate any social norms? 
B)  What were other actors doing at the time? 
C)  What is the actor's perception of the behaviour? 
D)  Did others show this behaviour in the past? 
A)  Did the behaviour violate any social norms? 
B)  What were other actors doing at the time? 
C)  What is the actor's perception of the behaviour? 
D)  Did others show this behaviour in the past?

Question 19

Goldberg (1978)found that 85 percent of participants selected more traits to describe others than to describe themselves.What does this suggest about the fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

A)  We make the fundamental attribution error for others,but not for ourselves. 
B)  We make the fundamental attribution error for ourselves,but not for others. 
C)  We make the fundamental attribution error for ourselves as well as for others. 
D)  We make the fundamental attribution error for ourselves as well as for others,but it is much stronger when explaining our own behaviour. 
A)  We make the fundamental attribution error for others,but not for ourselves. 
B)  We make the fundamental attribution error for ourselves,but not for others. 
C)  We make the fundamental attribution error for ourselves as well as for others. 
D)  We make the fundamental attribution error for ourselves as well as for others,but it is much stronger when explaining our own behaviour.

Question 20

Roger knows someone whose brother received a very lucrative contract to play professional basketball for the National Basketball Association (NBA).With this success story in mind,Roger ignores the statistics that indicate a very low probability that anyone will make it to the NBA and overestimates his own chances of making it.What concept does this scenario best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  the covariation principle 
B)  the base-rate fallacy 
C)  non-correspondent inferences 
D)  the actor-observer effect 
A)  the covariation principle 
B)  the base-rate fallacy 
C)  non-correspondent inferences 
D)  the actor-observer effect

Kelley's theory of attribution suggests that,in trying to discern personal characteristics from behavioural evidence,people will tend to do which of the following?

According to research by Pryor and Merluzzi (1985),how does dating experience influence the use of a script for a first date?

According to Miller's (1984)research,how do American and Indian participants differ in the likelihood of making personal or situational attributions?

When do we form impressions of others?

What do psychologists call the tendency to mentally undo events or to ask "What if…?"?

How likely are we to we make errors in impression formation?

Al,Saul,Steve,and Kris are each observing Bob's behaviour during a group meeting.Which of them should be the most likely to commit the fundamental attribution error when making inferences from Bob's behaviour?

In which of the following situations are people most likely commit the fundamental attribution error?

Based on research on counterfactual thinking,in which of the following scenarios is Tim most likely to feel upset about missing his plane?

Describe the availability heuristic.Explain how it can lead to the false-consensus effect.

Though she doesn't usually watch television,Danielle never misses My Big Fat Obnoxious Fiancé on Monday nights.Which of the following best describes Danielle's behaviour?

Which of the following is considered a "primary" emotion?

You watch a commercial of Lebron James endorsing a new basketball shoe.Although you know that James was paid to endorse the shoes and didn't even write the endorsement himself,you still think that James really likes the new shoes.What does this example illustrate?

Research by Kenny et al.(1994)suggests that perceivers are most likely to agree in their judgments of which of the following personality factors?

In Jones and Davis's correspondent inference theory,which of the following questions is best used to determine whether a particular behaviour corresponds to an enduring personal characteristic of the actor?

Goldberg (1978)found that 85 percent of participants selected more traits to describe others than to describe themselves.What does this suggest about the fundamental attribution error?

Introduction

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Stereotypes,prejudice,and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Law

Health

Filters

Exam 4: Perceiving Persons

Kelley's theory of attribution suggests that,in trying to discern personal characteristics from behavioural evidence,people will tend to do which of the following?

According to research by Pryor and Merluzzi (1985),how does dating experience influence the use of a script for a first date?

According to Miller's (1984)research,how do American and Indian participants differ in the likelihood of making personal or situational attributions?

When do we form impressions of others?

What do psychologists call the tendency to mentally undo events or to ask "What if…?"?

How likely are we to we make errors in impression formation?

Al,Saul,Steve,and Kris are each observing Bob's behaviour during a group meeting.Which of them should be the most likely to commit the fundamental attribution error when making inferences from Bob's behaviour?

In which of the following situations are people most likely commit the fundamental attribution error?

Based on research on counterfactual thinking,in which of the following scenarios is Tim most likely to feel upset about missing his plane?

Describe the availability heuristic.Explain how it can lead to the false-consensus effect.

Though she doesn't usually watch television,Danielle never misses My Big Fat Obnoxious Fiancé on Monday nights.Which of the following best describes Danielle's behaviour?

Which of the following is considered a "primary" emotion?

You watch a commercial of Lebron James endorsing a new basketball shoe.Although you know that James was paid to endorse the shoes and didn't even write the endorsement himself,you still think that James really likes the new shoes.What does this example illustrate?

Research by Kenny et al.(1994)suggests that perceivers are most likely to agree in their judgments of which of the following personality factors?

In Jones and Davis's correspondent inference theory,which of the following questions is best used to determine whether a particular behaviour corresponds to an enduring personal characteristic of the actor?

Goldberg (1978)found that 85 percent of participants selected more traits to describe others than to describe themselves.What does this suggest about the fundamental attribution error?

Introduction

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Stereotypes,prejudice,and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Law

Health

Filters