Question 1

After a 36-hour interrogation,Liz just wanted it to end and so she confessed to a crime she knew she had not committed.How would Liz's confession be labelled?

Accepted Answer

A)  internalized 
B)  compliant 
C)  reactive 
D)  misinformed 
A)  internalized 
B)  compliant 
C)  reactive 
D)  misinformed

Question 2

Kara sees a news story on television about an upcoming criminal defendant who was previously charged with similar crimes.If Kara is selected to serve as a juror for this defendant's trial,which of the following is most likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  The information concerning the defendant's prior criminal activity will have no impact on her verdict as long as she agrees to be objective and impartial. 
B)  The information concerning the defendant's prior criminal record may bias her impression of the defendant,but instructions from the judge can counteract such a bias. 
C)  Kara will interpret the facts of the case in a way that is consistent with the information about the defendant's prior criminal record. 
D)  The pretrial publicity will make the defendant seem more familiar to Kara and so she will be less likely to convict. 
A)  The information concerning the defendant's prior criminal activity will have no impact on her verdict as long as she agrees to be objective and impartial. 
B)  The information concerning the defendant's prior criminal record may bias her impression of the defendant,but instructions from the judge can counteract such a bias. 
C)  Kara will interpret the facts of the case in a way that is consistent with the information about the defendant's prior criminal record. 
D)  The pretrial publicity will make the defendant seem more familiar to Kara and so she will be less likely to convict.

Question 3

In theory,what happens when innocent suspects are subjected to a polygraph test?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are more aroused by crime-relevant questions than control questions. 
B)  They are more aroused by control questions than crime-relevant questions. 
C)  They exhibit overall lower levels of arousal than guilty suspects. 
D)  They exhibit overall higher levels of arousal than guilty suspects. 
A)  They are more aroused by crime-relevant questions than control questions. 
B)  They are more aroused by control questions than crime-relevant questions. 
C)  They exhibit overall lower levels of arousal than guilty suspects. 
D)  They exhibit overall higher levels of arousal than guilty suspects.

Question 4

Why do judges' instructions often have little impact on jurors?

Accepted Answer

A)  because there are too many instructions for the jurors to follow 
B)  because the jurors disagree with the law 
C)  because they are delivered too early in the trial 
D)  because the jurors are afraid of the judge 
A)  because there are too many instructions for the jurors to follow 
B)  because the jurors disagree with the law 
C)  because they are delivered too early in the trial 
D)  because the jurors are afraid of the judge

Question 5

Compared to the standard lineup procedure,when eyewitnesses are exposed to a sequential presentation of mug shots,what tends to happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  The eyewitnesses tend to be more susceptible to the impact of post-event information. 
B)  The eyewitnesses tend to be more likely to positively identify a suspect without being confident. 
C)  The eyewitnesses tend to be more cautious in positively identifying a particular suspect. 
D)  The eyewitnesses tend to be less vulnerable to the leniency bias. 
A)  The eyewitnesses tend to be more susceptible to the impact of post-event information. 
B)  The eyewitnesses tend to be more likely to positively identify a suspect without being confident. 
C)  The eyewitnesses tend to be more cautious in positively identifying a particular suspect. 
D)  The eyewitnesses tend to be less vulnerable to the leniency bias.

Question 6

Amy has been interrogated for more than 6 hours about a hit and run accident.She hasn't been able to explain that she was not involved in the crash because the officer interrupts each time she begins to explain.The officer is understanding and is generating possible reasons that Amy may not have stayed at the scene of the accident.What method of interrogation is being used?

Accepted Answer

A)  the second degree induction 
B)  the Reid technique 
C)  the confession induction 
D)  the Lassiter technique 
A)  the second degree induction 
B)  the Reid technique 
C)  the confession induction 
D)  the Lassiter technique

Question 7

Which of the following helps explain why jurors often disregard judges' instructions?

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of competence 
B)  lack of legal experience 
C)  lack of appreciation of the legal process 
D)  lack of comprehension 
A)  lack of competence 
B)  lack of legal experience 
C)  lack of appreciation of the legal process 
D)  lack of comprehension

Question 8

A judge instructs jurors that if they have a reasonable doubt about the defendant's guilt,they should return a verdict of not guilty.In which of the following situations do such instructions decrease the likelihood of a guilty verdict?

Accepted Answer

A)  if the judge gives a detailed description of the legal meaning of reasonable doubt 
B)  if the instructions are given before the evidence 
C)  if the instructions are given after the evidence 
D)  if the judge strongly forbids anyone with a reasonable doubt from returning a guilty verdict 
A)  if the judge gives a detailed description of the legal meaning of reasonable doubt 
B)  if the instructions are given before the evidence 
C)  if the instructions are given after the evidence 
D)  if the judge strongly forbids anyone with a reasonable doubt from returning a guilty verdict

Question 9

What do we call intentional efforts to "beat" a polygraph exam?

Accepted Answer

A)  countermeasures 
B)  counterbalances 
C)  bogus pipeline 
D)  manipulation 
A)  countermeasures 
B)  counterbalances 
C)  bogus pipeline 
D)  manipulation

Question 10

Which of the following people is most likely to yield accurate results on a polygraph test?

Accepted Answer

A)  someone who is guilty and naive 
B)  someone who is guilty and not naive 
C)  someone who is not guilty,and naive 
D)  someone who is neither guilty nor naive 
A)  someone who is guilty and naive 
B)  someone who is guilty and not naive 
C)  someone who is not guilty,and naive 
D)  someone who is neither guilty nor naive

Question 11

Why does pretrial publicity tend to produce a bias against defendants?

Accepted Answer

A)  because people assume that defendants are guilty until proven innocent 
B)  because information in news reports usually comes from police or the Crown prosecutor's office 
C)  because most people charged with crimes really are guilty 
D)  because the publicity makes the defendant seem more familiar,thus resulting in a familiarity induced bias 
A)  because people assume that defendants are guilty until proven innocent 
B)  because information in news reports usually comes from police or the Crown prosecutor's office 
C)  because most people charged with crimes really are guilty 
D)  because the publicity makes the defendant seem more familiar,thus resulting in a familiarity induced bias

Question 12

Participants who were asked how fast two cars were travelling "when they smashed into one another" gave higher estimates than those who were asked how fast the cars were going "when they contacted one another." Which of the following does this finding support?

Accepted Answer

A)  the positive coercion bias misinformation effect 
B)  the familiarity induced bias 
C)  the leniency bias 
D)  the misinformation effect 
A)  the positive coercion bias misinformation effect 
B)  the familiarity induced bias 
C)  the leniency bias 
D)  the misinformation effect

Question 13

Which of the following is a major problem with using the polygraph as a lie detector?

Accepted Answer

A)  Truthful persons often fail the test. 
B)  Arousal cannot be measured with the polygraph. 
C)  It measures only the vocal channel,ignoring all other channels. 
D)  Control questions tend to evoke arousal even in innocent people. 
A)  Truthful persons often fail the test. 
B)  Arousal cannot be measured with the polygraph. 
C)  It measures only the vocal channel,ignoring all other channels. 
D)  Control questions tend to evoke arousal even in innocent people.

Question 14

How accurate are the results of polygraph tests?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polygraph tests are extremely accurate in detecting guilt in those who are guilty,and innocence in those who are innocent. 
B)  Polygraph results are more accurate in revealing the examiner's pre-existing beliefs than the suspect's guilt or innocence. 
C)  Polygraph tests can be fairly accurate when the suspect is naive and the examiner is competent. 
D)  Polygraph results prove guilt or innocence beyond a reasonable doubt. 
A)  Polygraph tests are extremely accurate in detecting guilt in those who are guilty,and innocence in those who are innocent. 
B)  Polygraph results are more accurate in revealing the examiner's pre-existing beliefs than the suspect's guilt or innocence. 
C)  Polygraph tests can be fairly accurate when the suspect is naive and the examiner is competent. 
D)  Polygraph results prove guilt or innocence beyond a reasonable doubt.

Question 15

What is the voir dire process is intended to do?

Accepted Answer

A)  allow the lawyers to present evidence to the judge without the jurors present 
B)  identify and dismiss prospective jurors who may be biased 
C)  familiarize prospective jurors with one another before they begin deliberation 
D)  familiarize prospective jurors with the facts of the case prior to the actual trial 
A)  allow the lawyers to present evidence to the judge without the jurors present 
B)  identify and dismiss prospective jurors who may be biased 
C)  familiarize prospective jurors with one another before they begin deliberation 
D)  familiarize prospective jurors with the facts of the case prior to the actual trial

Question 16

Kirk is going to be called to the witness stand to give his eyewitness testimony regarding a murder.If Kirk first hears other eyewitness accounts,which of the following is most likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hearing other accounts will make his testimony less accurate. 
B)  Hearing other accounts will counteract the misinformation effect. 
C)  Hearing other accounts will encourage him to be more accurate if the other eyewitnesses agree among themselves as to who the assailant was. 
D)  Hearing other accounts will encourage him to be less accurate if the other eyewitnesses disagree among themselves as to who the assailant was. 
A)  Hearing other accounts will make his testimony less accurate. 
B)  Hearing other accounts will counteract the misinformation effect. 
C)  Hearing other accounts will encourage him to be more accurate if the other eyewitnesses agree among themselves as to who the assailant was. 
D)  Hearing other accounts will encourage him to be less accurate if the other eyewitnesses disagree among themselves as to who the assailant was.

Question 17

Sharon is called to testify about a conversation she overheard while waiting in line at a movie theatre.How is her highly confident testimony likely to influence the jury?

Accepted Answer

A)  Juries tend to believe that highly confident eyewitnesses have been practiced by the lawyer,so the jury will not be influenced by Sharon. 
B)  Juries are well-informed about many of the factors that influence eyewitness accuracy so her confidence is likely to play less of a role than the evidence itself. 
C)  Juries tend to believe that accurate witnesses are not confident so will not be influenced by Sharon. 
D)  Juries tend to believe that highly confident eyewitnesses are more accurate,so the jury will be influenced by Sharon. 
A)  Juries tend to believe that highly confident eyewitnesses have been practiced by the lawyer,so the jury will not be influenced by Sharon. 
B)  Juries are well-informed about many of the factors that influence eyewitness accuracy so her confidence is likely to play less of a role than the evidence itself. 
C)  Juries tend to believe that accurate witnesses are not confident so will not be influenced by Sharon. 
D)  Juries tend to believe that highly confident eyewitnesses are more accurate,so the jury will be influenced by Sharon.

Question 18

Summarize the theory of reconstructive memory as it relates to eyewitness testimony.What does the research suggest about the use of such testimony from children?

Accepted Answer

Reconstructive memory is a concept under

Question 19

How can guilty suspects fool a polygraph test?

Accepted Answer

A)  by simply denying any and all involvement in the crime for which they are being questioned 
B)  by meditating prior to the administration of the test 
C)  by lying in response to any crime-relevant questions,but telling the truth in response to the control questions 
D)  by artificially inflating their arousal to control questions by tensing their muscles 
A)  by simply denying any and all involvement in the crime for which they are being questioned 
B)  by meditating prior to the administration of the test 
C)  by lying in response to any crime-relevant questions,but telling the truth in response to the control questions 
D)  by artificially inflating their arousal to control questions by tensing their muscles

Question 20

Which of the following provides the best explanation of the misinformation effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  If people don't have a clear memory for an event they have witnessed,they search for more information and may choose to incorporate those details into their memory. 
B)  If people don't have a clear memory for an event they have witnessed,they search for more information which may automatically become incorporated into their memory. 
C)  Even if people have a clear memory for an event they have witnessed,being exposed to relevant information will very likely change their memory. 
D)  Retelling events commits people to their recollections,regardless of whether or not those recollections are accurate. 
A)  If people don't have a clear memory for an event they have witnessed,they search for more information and may choose to incorporate those details into their memory. 
B)  If people don't have a clear memory for an event they have witnessed,they search for more information which may automatically become incorporated into their memory. 
C)  Even if people have a clear memory for an event they have witnessed,being exposed to relevant information will very likely change their memory. 
D)  Retelling events commits people to their recollections,regardless of whether or not those recollections are accurate.

After a 36-hour interrogation,Liz just wanted it to end and so she confessed to a crime she knew she had not committed.How would Liz's confession be labelled?

Kara sees a news story on television about an upcoming criminal defendant who was previously charged with similar crimes.If Kara is selected to serve as a juror for this defendant's trial,which of the following is most likely to happen?

In theory,what happens when innocent suspects are subjected to a polygraph test?

Why do judges' instructions often have little impact on jurors?

Compared to the standard lineup procedure,when eyewitnesses are exposed to a sequential presentation of mug shots,what tends to happen?

Which of the following helps explain why jurors often disregard judges' instructions?

A judge instructs jurors that if they have a reasonable doubt about the defendant's guilt,they should return a verdict of not guilty.In which of the following situations do such instructions decrease the likelihood of a guilty verdict?

What do we call intentional efforts to "beat" a polygraph exam?

Which of the following people is most likely to yield accurate results on a polygraph test?

Why does pretrial publicity tend to produce a bias against defendants?

Participants who were asked how fast two cars were travelling "when they smashed into one another" gave higher estimates than those who were asked how fast the cars were going "when they contacted one another." Which of the following does this finding support?

Which of the following is a major problem with using the polygraph as a lie detector?

How accurate are the results of polygraph tests?

What is the voir dire process is intended to do?

Kirk is going to be called to the witness stand to give his eyewitness testimony regarding a murder.If Kirk first hears other eyewitness accounts,which of the following is most likely to happen?

Sharon is called to testify about a conversation she overheard while waiting in line at a movie theatre.How is her highly confident testimony likely to influence the jury?

Summarize the theory of reconstructive memory as it relates to eyewitness testimony.What does the research suggest about the use of such testimony from children?

How can guilty suspects fool a polygraph test?

Which of the following provides the best explanation of the misinformation effect?

Introduction

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Perceiving Persons

Stereotypes,prejudice,and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Health

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Exam 12: Law

After a 36-hour interrogation,Liz just wanted it to end and so she confessed to a crime she knew she had not committed.How would Liz's confession be labelled?

Kara sees a news story on television about an upcoming criminal defendant who was previously charged with similar crimes.If Kara is selected to serve as a juror for this defendant's trial,which of the following is most likely to happen?

In theory,what happens when innocent suspects are subjected to a polygraph test?

Why do judges' instructions often have little impact on jurors?

Compared to the standard lineup procedure,when eyewitnesses are exposed to a sequential presentation of mug shots,what tends to happen?

Which of the following helps explain why jurors often disregard judges' instructions?

A judge instructs jurors that if they have a reasonable doubt about the defendant's guilt,they should return a verdict of not guilty.In which of the following situations do such instructions decrease the likelihood of a guilty verdict?

What do we call intentional efforts to "beat" a polygraph exam?

Which of the following people is most likely to yield accurate results on a polygraph test?

Why does pretrial publicity tend to produce a bias against defendants?

Participants who were asked how fast two cars were travelling "when they smashed into one another" gave higher estimates than those who were asked how fast the cars were going "when they contacted one another." Which of the following does this finding support?

Which of the following is a major problem with using the polygraph as a lie detector?

How accurate are the results of polygraph tests?

What is the voir dire process is intended to do?

Kirk is going to be called to the witness stand to give his eyewitness testimony regarding a murder.If Kirk first hears other eyewitness accounts,which of the following is most likely to happen?

Sharon is called to testify about a conversation she overheard while waiting in line at a movie theatre.How is her highly confident testimony likely to influence the jury?

Summarize the theory of reconstructive memory as it relates to eyewitness testimony.What does the research suggest about the use of such testimony from children?

How can guilty suspects fool a polygraph test?

Which of the following provides the best explanation of the misinformation effect?

Introduction

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Perceiving Persons

Stereotypes,prejudice,and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Health

Filters