Question 1

Why is there controversy surrounding the sentencing of individuals convicted of crimes?

Accepted Answer

A)  because juries lack experience in determining the appropriate level of punishment 
B)  because juries are seen as too lenient 
C)  because judges are seen as too harsh 
D)  because judges vary greatly on the length of sentences they assign 
A)  because juries lack experience in determining the appropriate level of punishment 
B)  because juries are seen as too lenient 
C)  because judges are seen as too harsh 
D)  because judges vary greatly on the length of sentences they assign

Question 2

Which of the following conclusions is consistent with the results of Kassin and Kiechel's (1996)study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Suspects are more likely to make a false confession when they are led to believe that they will then be able to testify against an accomplice and go free. 
B)  People often make false confessions to crimes,but they rarely come to internalize the belief that they are actually guilty. 
C)  People are more likely to falsely confess to a crime if they were under the influence of alcohol or drugs at the time of the event. 
D)  People rarely make false confessions to crimes. 
A)  Suspects are more likely to make a false confession when they are led to believe that they will then be able to testify against an accomplice and go free. 
B)  People often make false confessions to crimes,but they rarely come to internalize the belief that they are actually guilty. 
C)  People are more likely to falsely confess to a crime if they were under the influence of alcohol or drugs at the time of the event. 
D)  People rarely make false confessions to crimes.

Question 3

With respect to social influence processes in interrogations,what does "internalization" mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  the process in which innocent suspects come to believe that they have committed the crimes for which they are being interrogated 
B)  the process in which suspects confess to crimes that they did not commit in order to escape aversive interrogations 
C)  the process in which accused suspects are offered lighter sentences in exchange for important information 
D)  the process in which juries are able to disregard confession testimony that was extracted through coercion 
A)  the process in which innocent suspects come to believe that they have committed the crimes for which they are being interrogated 
B)  the process in which suspects confess to crimes that they did not commit in order to escape aversive interrogations 
C)  the process in which accused suspects are offered lighter sentences in exchange for important information 
D)  the process in which juries are able to disregard confession testimony that was extracted through coercion

Question 4

In a study by Partridge and Eldridge (1974),one judge recommended three years in prison for a man accused of extortion,whereas another judge recommended 25 years for the same crime.What do these findings demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  the misinformation effect 
B)  sentencing disparity 
C)  informational influence 
D)  the leniency bias 
A)  the misinformation effect 
B)  sentencing disparity 
C)  informational influence 
D)  the leniency bias

Question 5

An eyewitness identified Ashtok from a lineup as the man who robbed the bookstore.As an employee of the store,Ashtok was present during the crime but was not the person who committed the crime.Which of the following was the most likely cause of the eyewitness's false identification?

Accepted Answer

A)  the leniency bias 
B)  the misinformation effect 
C)  a familiarity induced bias 
D)  the fundamental attribution error 
A)  the leniency bias 
B)  the misinformation effect 
C)  a familiarity induced bias 
D)  the fundamental attribution error

Question 6

After Natalie testifies in court that she witnessed the defendant committing the crime in question,a memory expert is called to testify on behalf of the defence.The expert testifies that Natalie's ability to acquire the information accurately was probably impaired.Which of the following did the expert most likely have in mind when he questioned Natalie's ability to acquire the information accurately?

Accepted Answer

A)  the arousal-focus effect 
B)  reconstructive memory 
C)  misleading questions 
D)  leniency bias 
A)  the arousal-focus effect 
B)  reconstructive memory 
C)  misleading questions 
D)  leniency bias

Question 7

In which of the following situations are witnesses most accurate in making identifications?

Accepted Answer

A)  when they are asked to make repeated judgments 
B)  when they are asked to make relative judgments 
C)  when they are asked to make absolute judgments 
D)  when they are asked to make familiarity-induced judgments 
A)  when they are asked to make repeated judgments 
B)  when they are asked to make relative judgments 
C)  when they are asked to make absolute judgments 
D)  when they are asked to make familiarity-induced judgments

Question 8

Shaquille has been selected to be the foreperson of his jury.Which of the following is most likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Shaquille will exert more influence over the jury's decision than other members of the jury. 
B)  Shaquille will spend more time than other jurors discussing procedural items. 
C)  Shaquille will exert less influence over the jury's decision than other members of the jury. 
D)  Shaquille will spend more time than other jurors expressing his opinion. 
A)  Shaquille will exert more influence over the jury's decision than other members of the jury. 
B)  Shaquille will spend more time than other jurors discussing procedural items. 
C)  Shaquille will exert less influence over the jury's decision than other members of the jury. 
D)  Shaquille will spend more time than other jurors expressing his opinion.

Question 9

When a witness reveals inadmissible evidence,the judge informs jurors to disregard that evidence.Why do jurors ignore that instruction?

Accepted Answer

A)  because they consciously decide to disagree with the law 
B)  because such evidence is usually not relevant to the case 
C)  because the judge's instructions give added attention to the evidence 
D)  because they disagree with the judge 
A)  because they consciously decide to disagree with the law 
B)  because such evidence is usually not relevant to the case 
C)  because the judge's instructions give added attention to the evidence 
D)  because they disagree with the judge

Question 10

Why are police interrogations often conducted in small,bare,soundproof rooms?

Accepted Answer

A)  so that distractions will be minimized and the suspect will be better able to focus on the interrogation 
B)  so that suspects feel socially isolated and powerless 
C)  so that police operating costs will be kept to a minimum 
D)  so that other police officers will not become biased against particular suspects 
A)  so that distractions will be minimized and the suspect will be better able to focus on the interrogation 
B)  so that suspects feel socially isolated and powerless 
C)  so that police operating costs will be kept to a minimum 
D)  so that other police officers will not become biased against particular suspects

Question 11

Summarize the means by which the polygraph works as a lie detector.What two major problems call its accuracy into question?

Accepted Answer

A polygraph is a mechanical instrument t

Question 12

Why does the presence of a weapon reduce eyewitness accuracy?

Accepted Answer

A)  because weapons interfere with the retrieval of events 
B)  because witnesses have less sympathy for someone holding a weapon 
C)  because the sight of a weapon causes witnesses to become more self-aware 
D)  because witnesses tend to focus attention on highly salient features 
A)  because weapons interfere with the retrieval of events 
B)  because witnesses have less sympathy for someone holding a weapon 
C)  because the sight of a weapon causes witnesses to become more self-aware 
D)  because witnesses tend to focus attention on highly salient features

Question 13

All of the following appear to impact eyewitness identification performance EXCEPT which one?

Accepted Answer

A)  lineup construction 
B)  lineup format 
C)  familiarity induced biases 
D)  eyewitness gender 
A)  lineup construction 
B)  lineup format 
C)  familiarity induced biases 
D)  eyewitness gender

Question 14

Tony,Silvio,Paul,and Christopher were all in the convenience store when it was robbed.Who is likely to be the most reliable eyewitness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tony,who was the only one to notice that the thief was brandishing a gun 
B)  Silvio,who was extremely aroused by the whole incident 
C)  Paul,who was drunk at the time of the crime 
D)  Christopher,who is the same race as the thief 
A)  Tony,who was the only one to notice that the thief was brandishing a gun 
B)  Silvio,who was extremely aroused by the whole incident 
C)  Paul,who was drunk at the time of the crime 
D)  Christopher,who is the same race as the thief

Question 15

What do psychologists call the tendency for false post-event information to become integrated into a person's memory for the event?

Accepted Answer

A)  the positive coercion bias misinformation effect 
B)  the familiarity induced bias 
C)  the leniency bias 
D)  the misinformation effect 
A)  the positive coercion bias misinformation effect 
B)  the familiarity induced bias 
C)  the leniency bias 
D)  the misinformation effect

Question 16

How does research on inadmissible evidence show that juries respond to the judge's instructions to ignore such information?

Accepted Answer

A)  Juries ignore the information when it is inadmissible on the grounds of an unreliable source. 
B)  Juries continue to consider the information when it is reliable but inadmissible because of a legal "technicality." 
C)  Juries ignore the information if the foreperson reminds the panel of the judge's instructions. 
D)  Juries ignore the information. 
A)  Juries ignore the information when it is inadmissible on the grounds of an unreliable source. 
B)  Juries continue to consider the information when it is reliable but inadmissible because of a legal "technicality." 
C)  Juries ignore the information if the foreperson reminds the panel of the judge's instructions. 
D)  Juries ignore the information.

Question 17

Which of the following outcomes is most likely when an eyewitness positively identifies a defendant at trial?

Accepted Answer

A)  The defendant is likely to confess to the crime. 
B)  The defendant is less likely to be found guilty by judges but not by juries.. 
C)  The defendant is less likely to be found guilty and,in most cases,this is the correct verdict. 
D)  The defendant is more likely to be found guilty,though in many cases he or she has been misidentified. 
A)  The defendant is likely to confess to the crime. 
B)  The defendant is less likely to be found guilty by judges but not by juries.. 
C)  The defendant is less likely to be found guilty and,in most cases,this is the correct verdict. 
D)  The defendant is more likely to be found guilty,though in many cases he or she has been misidentified.

Question 18

According to research by Wells and Bradfield,how are eyewitnesses influenced by receiving feedback after making an identification?

Accepted Answer

A)  They change the way they remember the initial event. 
B)  They become more confident in their accurate identifications but less confident of inaccurate ones. 
C)  They experience more positive emotion,but neither their memory nor their confidence are influenced. 
D)  They are influenced more strongly when there are identifying an individual from a different race. 
A)  They change the way they remember the initial event. 
B)  They become more confident in their accurate identifications but less confident of inaccurate ones. 
C)  They experience more positive emotion,but neither their memory nor their confidence are influenced. 
D)  They are influenced more strongly when there are identifying an individual from a different race.

Question 19

Which of the following best illustrates the acquisition stage of memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  When the robbers entered the building,Petra noticed that they were heavily armed. 
B)  After witnessing a hit and run,Vera repeats the licence plate of the car over and over so that she can give it to the police. 
C)  When interviewed by the police,Marlon told them everything he could remember about the bar brawl. 
D)  When asked to identify her attacker from a lineup,Coral wasn't sure which suspect had attacked her. 
A)  When the robbers entered the building,Petra noticed that they were heavily armed. 
B)  After witnessing a hit and run,Vera repeats the licence plate of the car over and over so that she can give it to the police. 
C)  When interviewed by the police,Marlon told them everything he could remember about the bar brawl. 
D)  When asked to identify her attacker from a lineup,Coral wasn't sure which suspect had attacked her.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the conclusions reached by Kassin and Kiechel (1996)concerning false confessions?

Accepted Answer

A)  People are highly unlikely to confess to crimes they did not commit. 
B)  Internalized false confessions are most likely to occur when a suspect is intimidated with bright lights and physical threats. 
C)  Compliant false confessions are most likely to occur when a friendly interrogator offers sympathy and advice to a suspect. 
D)  Internalized false confessions are most likely to occur when false evidence of guilt is presented. 
A)  People are highly unlikely to confess to crimes they did not commit. 
B)  Internalized false confessions are most likely to occur when a suspect is intimidated with bright lights and physical threats. 
C)  Compliant false confessions are most likely to occur when a friendly interrogator offers sympathy and advice to a suspect. 
D)  Internalized false confessions are most likely to occur when false evidence of guilt is presented.

Why is there controversy surrounding the sentencing of individuals convicted of crimes?

Which of the following conclusions is consistent with the results of Kassin and Kiechel's (1996)study?

With respect to social influence processes in interrogations,what does "internalization" mean?

In a study by Partridge and Eldridge (1974),one judge recommended three years in prison for a man accused of extortion,whereas another judge recommended 25 years for the same crime.What do these findings demonstrate?

An eyewitness identified Ashtok from a lineup as the man who robbed the bookstore.As an employee of the store,Ashtok was present during the crime but was not the person who committed the crime.Which of the following was the most likely cause of the eyewitness's false identification?

In which of the following situations are witnesses most accurate in making identifications?

Shaquille has been selected to be the foreperson of his jury.Which of the following is most likely to happen?

When a witness reveals inadmissible evidence,the judge informs jurors to disregard that evidence.Why do jurors ignore that instruction?

Why are police interrogations often conducted in small,bare,soundproof rooms?

Summarize the means by which the polygraph works as a lie detector.What two major problems call its accuracy into question?

Why does the presence of a weapon reduce eyewitness accuracy?

All of the following appear to impact eyewitness identification performance EXCEPT which one?

Tony,Silvio,Paul,and Christopher were all in the convenience store when it was robbed.Who is likely to be the most reliable eyewitness?

What do psychologists call the tendency for false post-event information to become integrated into a person's memory for the event?

How does research on inadmissible evidence show that juries respond to the judge's instructions to ignore such information?

Which of the following outcomes is most likely when an eyewitness positively identifies a defendant at trial?

According to research by Wells and Bradfield,how are eyewitnesses influenced by receiving feedback after making an identification?

Which of the following best illustrates the acquisition stage of memory?

Which of the following best describes the conclusions reached by Kassin and Kiechel (1996)concerning false confessions?

Introduction

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Perceiving Persons

Stereotypes,prejudice,and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Health

Filters

Exam 12: Law

Why is there controversy surrounding the sentencing of individuals convicted of crimes?

Which of the following conclusions is consistent with the results of Kassin and Kiechel's (1996)study?

With respect to social influence processes in interrogations,what does "internalization" mean?

In a study by Partridge and Eldridge (1974),one judge recommended three years in prison for a man accused of extortion,whereas another judge recommended 25 years for the same crime.What do these findings demonstrate?

An eyewitness identified Ashtok from a lineup as the man who robbed the bookstore.As an employee of the store,Ashtok was present during the crime but was not the person who committed the crime.Which of the following was the most likely cause of the eyewitness's false identification?

In which of the following situations are witnesses most accurate in making identifications?

Shaquille has been selected to be the foreperson of his jury.Which of the following is most likely to happen?

When a witness reveals inadmissible evidence,the judge informs jurors to disregard that evidence.Why do jurors ignore that instruction?

Why are police interrogations often conducted in small,bare,soundproof rooms?

Summarize the means by which the polygraph works as a lie detector.What two major problems call its accuracy into question?

Why does the presence of a weapon reduce eyewitness accuracy?

All of the following appear to impact eyewitness identification performance EXCEPT which one?

Tony,Silvio,Paul,and Christopher were all in the convenience store when it was robbed.Who is likely to be the most reliable eyewitness?

What do psychologists call the tendency for false post-event information to become integrated into a person's memory for the event?

How does research on inadmissible evidence show that juries respond to the judge's instructions to ignore such information?

Which of the following outcomes is most likely when an eyewitness positively identifies a defendant at trial?

According to research by Wells and Bradfield,how are eyewitnesses influenced by receiving feedback after making an identification?

Which of the following best illustrates the acquisition stage of memory?

Which of the following best describes the conclusions reached by Kassin and Kiechel (1996)concerning false confessions?

Introduction

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Perceiving Persons

Stereotypes,prejudice,and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Health

Filters