Question 1

According to the self-regulatory perseveration theory of depression:

Accepted Answer

A) depression occurs when people shift all their attention away from their self-concept. 
B) ego depletion is the primary cause of depression. 
C) depression is the result of the inability to find any meaningful goal to commit to. 
D) depression results from an inability to disengage from a goal that the person cannot achieve. 
A) depression occurs when people shift all their attention away from their self-concept. 
B) ego depletion is the primary cause of depression. 
C) depression is the result of the inability to find any meaningful goal to commit to. 
D) depression results from an inability to disengage from a goal that the person cannot achieve.

Question 2

_____ is the idea that arousal caused by one event can intensify the emotional reactions of another,unrelated event.

Accepted Answer

A) The two-factor theory of emotion 
B) Excitation transfer theory 
C) The facial feedback hypothesis 
D) Self-discrepancy theory 
A) The two-factor theory of emotion 
B) Excitation transfer theory 
C) The facial feedback hypothesis 
D) Self-discrepancy theory

Question 3

Manuel is standing near a cliff at a popular sightseeing spot.He occasionally worries that he might slip off the cliff.His friend suggests that after they're done with sightseeing,they should go to a museum Manuel has no desire to visit.According to research on the misattribution of arousal,what is particularly likely to happen in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

A) Manuel will not pay much attention to his friend. 
B) Manuel will believe that he is angry with his friend. 
C) Manuel will be willing to respect his friend's wish and go to the museum. 
D) Manuel will decide to calm down before making a decision about the museum. 
A) Manuel will not pay much attention to his friend. 
B) Manuel will believe that he is angry with his friend. 
C) Manuel will be willing to respect his friend's wish and go to the museum. 
D) Manuel will decide to calm down before making a decision about the museum.

Question 4

A self-schema is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A) an integrated set of memories,beliefs,and generalizations about an attribute that is part of one's self-concept. 
B) a set of expectations that a person possesses about how someone else is going to behave. 
C) the part of the self that controls and directs behavior. 
D) a belief that is variable across people about whether or not the self is stable or flexible. 
A) an integrated set of memories,beliefs,and generalizations about an attribute that is part of one's self-concept. 
B) a set of expectations that a person possesses about how someone else is going to behave. 
C) the part of the self that controls and directs behavior. 
D) a belief that is variable across people about whether or not the self is stable or flexible.

Question 5

What does research suggest about the relationship between goals and consciousness?

Accepted Answer

A) All goals are active on a conscious level. 
B) People are often motivated by unconscious goals. 
C) Unconscious goals are extremely rare. 
D) Conscious goals are extremely rare. 
A) All goals are active on a conscious level. 
B) People are often motivated by unconscious goals. 
C) Unconscious goals are extremely rare. 
D) Conscious goals are extremely rare.

Question 6

What does research suggest about people's ability to evaluate themselves across a variety of domains and skills?

Accepted Answer

A) When people are evaluating themselves on physical abilities,they are generally more accurate than if they are evaluating themselves on abilities related to intelligence. 
B) There are no discernible differences between those who give themselves high evaluations and those who give themselves low evaluations on a variety of abilities and skills. 
C) If you give people sufficient incentive to make accurate evaluations,you can eliminate the better than average effect. 
D) Those who give themselves the highest evaluations on a given ability or set of skills are often the worst performers. 
A) When people are evaluating themselves on physical abilities,they are generally more accurate than if they are evaluating themselves on abilities related to intelligence. 
B) There are no discernible differences between those who give themselves high evaluations and those who give themselves low evaluations on a variety of abilities and skills. 
C) If you give people sufficient incentive to make accurate evaluations,you can eliminate the better than average effect. 
D) Those who give themselves the highest evaluations on a given ability or set of skills are often the worst performers.

Question 7

Dubula is trying to decide what he is going to write about for his term paper.He is getting an early start on the project;the paper is not due until four months from now.According to construal level theory,what kind of project topic is Dubula likely to pursue?

Accepted Answer

A) the easiest possible topic 
B) the topic for which he is most likely to get a good grade 
C) the topic about which he will learn the most and which will be the most interesting 
D) the most difficult possible topic 
A) the easiest possible topic 
B) the topic for which he is most likely to get a good grade 
C) the topic about which he will learn the most and which will be the most interesting 
D) the most difficult possible topic

Question 8

According to social comparison theory,with whom or what are we most likely to compare ourselves when trying to determine where we stand on a particular trait or ability?

Accepted Answer

A) national averages for that trait or ability 
B) people who are in approximately the same range as us,or who are similar to us 
C) people who are far better than us on that trait or ability 
D) people who are far worse than us on that trait or ability 
A) national averages for that trait or ability 
B) people who are in approximately the same range as us,or who are similar to us 
C) people who are far better than us on that trait or ability 
D) people who are far worse than us on that trait or ability

Question 9

According to self-awareness theory,a person will try to escape self-awareness under which of the following circumstances?

Accepted Answer

A) They perceive a negative self-related discrepancy and feel that the discrepancy can easily be reduced. 
B) They perceive a negative self-related discrepancy and feel that the discrepancy will be difficult to reduce. 
C) They are socializing in a public setting. 
D) They are low in the trait of self-consciousness. 
A) They perceive a negative self-related discrepancy and feel that the discrepancy can easily be reduced. 
B) They perceive a negative self-related discrepancy and feel that the discrepancy will be difficult to reduce. 
C) They are socializing in a public setting. 
D) They are low in the trait of self-consciousness.

Question 10

Francois (a scientist)is participating in a discussion about science with several Catholic male monks.How does research suggest Francois will think of himself in this situation?

Accepted Answer

A) as a discussant 
B) as a man 
C) as a scientist 
D) It is impossible to predict how Francois will see himself in this situation. 
A) as a discussant 
B) as a man 
C) as a scientist 
D) It is impossible to predict how Francois will see himself in this situation.

Question 11

An implementation intention involves:

Accepted Answer

A) shifting to a more concrete understanding of an activity. 
B) shifting to a more abstract understanding of an activity. 
C) mental rules that link particular situational cues to goal-directed behaviors. 
D) comparing the actual self with the ideal self. 
A) shifting to a more concrete understanding of an activity. 
B) shifting to a more abstract understanding of an activity. 
C) mental rules that link particular situational cues to goal-directed behaviors. 
D) comparing the actual self with the ideal self.

Question 12

Samona is a student who just earned a "C" on an exam.She compared herself with a group of students who failed the exam.Samona engaged in:

Accepted Answer

A) self-perception. 
B) reflected appraisal. 
C) upward social comparison. 
D) downward social comparison. 
A) self-perception. 
B) reflected appraisal. 
C) upward social comparison. 
D) downward social comparison.

Question 13

Shinobu is thinking about how he has performed in pursuing his goal of becoming a chemical engineer.He feels that there is only a small discrepancy between what he has accomplished and what he envisioned himself accomplishing.Self-discrepancy theory suggests he is likely to feel:

Accepted Answer

A) anxious and guilty. 
B) calmly secure. 
C) discouraged. 
D) satisfied. 
A) anxious and guilty. 
B) calmly secure. 
C) discouraged. 
D) satisfied.

Question 14

What is the central idea of action identification theory?

Accepted Answer

A) People define themselves and their behaviors largely in terms of the social groups to which they belong. 
B) People focus on concrete details when thinking about the distant future,but abstract aspects when thinking about the immediate future. 
C) People's descriptions of their own and others' actions can range from more concrete to more abstract. 
D) The effort a person extends on a goal is a function of the value of the goal and their expected ability to achieve it. 
A) People define themselves and their behaviors largely in terms of the social groups to which they belong. 
B) People focus on concrete details when thinking about the distant future,but abstract aspects when thinking about the immediate future. 
C) People's descriptions of their own and others' actions can range from more concrete to more abstract. 
D) The effort a person extends on a goal is a function of the value of the goal and their expected ability to achieve it.

Question 15

The idea that people use their understanding of how others view them as the primary basis for knowing and evaluating themselves is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) the self-schema perspective. 
B) social identity theory. 
C) social role theory. 
D) symbolic interactionism. 
A) the self-schema perspective. 
B) social identity theory. 
C) social role theory. 
D) symbolic interactionism.

Question 16

Tasks which require a child to wait 20 minutes for two cookies or to ring a bell if they would like to have one cookie sooner are designed to measure:

Accepted Answer

A) the ability to delay gratification. 
B) the independence of the "hot" and "cool" systems. 
C) the extent to which children have high self-awareness. 
D) the amount of hunger a child is experiencing. 
A) the ability to delay gratification. 
B) the independence of the "hot" and "cool" systems. 
C) the extent to which children have high self-awareness. 
D) the amount of hunger a child is experiencing.

Question 17

Reflected appraisals refer to:

Accepted Answer

A) other people's beliefs about us. 
B) our beliefs about what other people believe about us. 
C) the attributions people make about their looking-glass selves. 
D) opinions that arise in conversation between two people. 
A) other people's beliefs about us. 
B) our beliefs about what other people believe about us. 
C) the attributions people make about their looking-glass selves. 
D) opinions that arise in conversation between two people.

Question 18

What are the "two factors" in Schachter's two-factor theory of emotion?

Accepted Answer

A) arousal and cognitive label 
B) emotion and cognitive label 
C) arousal and emotion 
D) affect and arousal 
A) arousal and cognitive label 
B) emotion and cognitive label 
C) arousal and emotion 
D) affect and arousal

Question 19

One key to effective self-regulation is:

Accepted Answer

A) implicit thinking. 
B) perceived control. 
C) automatic control. 
D) effortful control. 
A) implicit thinking. 
B) perceived control. 
C) automatic control. 
D) effortful control.

Question 20

According to self-awareness theory,an _____ focus of attention leads relevant standards to become salient.

Accepted Answer

A) internal 
B) external 
C) other 
D) abstract 
A) internal 
B) external 
C) other 
D) abstract

According to the self-regulatory perseveration theory of depression:

_____ is the idea that arousal caused by one event can intensify the emotional reactions of another,unrelated event.

A self-schema is defined as:

What does research suggest about the relationship between goals and consciousness?

What does research suggest about people's ability to evaluate themselves across a variety of domains and skills?

Dubula is trying to decide what he is going to write about for his term paper.He is getting an early start on the project;the paper is not due until four months from now.According to construal level theory,what kind of project topic is Dubula likely to pursue?

According to social comparison theory,with whom or what are we most likely to compare ourselves when trying to determine where we stand on a particular trait or ability?

According to self-awareness theory,a person will try to escape self-awareness under which of the following circumstances?

Francois (a scientist)is participating in a discussion about science with several Catholic male monks.How does research suggest Francois will think of himself in this situation?

An implementation intention involves:

Samona is a student who just earned a "C" on an exam.She compared herself with a group of students who failed the exam.Samona engaged in:

Shinobu is thinking about how he has performed in pursuing his goal of becoming a chemical engineer.He feels that there is only a small discrepancy between what he has accomplished and what he envisioned himself accomplishing.Self-discrepancy theory suggests he is likely to feel:

What is the central idea of action identification theory?

The idea that people use their understanding of how others view them as the primary basis for knowing and evaluating themselves is known as:

Tasks which require a child to wait 20 minutes for two cookies or to ring a bell if they would like to have one cookie sooner are designed to measure:

Reflected appraisals refer to:

What are the "two factors" in Schachter's two-factor theory of emotion?

One key to effective self-regulation is:

According to self-awareness theory,an _____ focus of attention leads relevant standards to become salient.

The Revealing Science of Social Psychology

Fundamentals of Social Behavior

The Core Elements of Social Cognition

Thinking About People and Events

The Key Self-Motives: Consistency, Esteem, Presentation, and Growth

Social Influence

Persuasion, Attitudes, and Behavior

Group Processes

Understanding Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination

Responding to and Reducing Prejudice

Interpersonal Aggression

Prosocial Behavior

Interpersonal Attraction

Close Relationships

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Exam 5: The Nature, Origins, and Functions of the Self

According to the self-regulatory perseveration theory of depression:

_____ is the idea that arousal caused by one event can intensify the emotional reactions of another,unrelated event.

A self-schema is defined as:

What does research suggest about the relationship between goals and consciousness?

What does research suggest about people's ability to evaluate themselves across a variety of domains and skills?

Dubula is trying to decide what he is going to write about for his term paper.He is getting an early start on the project;the paper is not due until four months from now.According to construal level theory,what kind of project topic is Dubula likely to pursue?

According to social comparison theory,with whom or what are we most likely to compare ourselves when trying to determine where we stand on a particular trait or ability?

According to self-awareness theory,a person will try to escape self-awareness under which of the following circumstances?

Francois (a scientist)is participating in a discussion about science with several Catholic male monks.How does research suggest Francois will think of himself in this situation?

An implementation intention involves:

Samona is a student who just earned a "C" on an exam.She compared herself with a group of students who failed the exam.Samona engaged in:

Shinobu is thinking about how he has performed in pursuing his goal of becoming a chemical engineer.He feels that there is only a small discrepancy between what he has accomplished and what he envisioned himself accomplishing.Self-discrepancy theory suggests he is likely to feel:

What is the central idea of action identification theory?

The idea that people use their understanding of how others view them as the primary basis for knowing and evaluating themselves is known as:

Tasks which require a child to wait 20 minutes for two cookies or to ring a bell if they would like to have one cookie sooner are designed to measure:

Reflected appraisals refer to:

What are the "two factors" in Schachter's two-factor theory of emotion?

One key to effective self-regulation is:

According to self-awareness theory,an _____ focus of attention leads relevant standards to become salient.

The Revealing Science of Social Psychology

Fundamentals of Social Behavior

The Core Elements of Social Cognition

Thinking About People and Events

The Key Self-Motives: Consistency, Esteem, Presentation, and Growth

Social Influence

Persuasion, Attitudes, and Behavior

Group Processes

Understanding Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination

Responding to and Reducing Prejudice

Interpersonal Aggression

Prosocial Behavior

Interpersonal Attraction

Close Relationships

Filters