Question 1

Research suggests that people who frequently experience shame are more likely to:

Accepted Answer

A) have positive outcomes compared to those who frequently experience guilt. 
B) seek ways to increase their level of self-awareness. 
C) be angry or depressed. 
D) try and make amends to the people whom they have offended. 
A) have positive outcomes compared to those who frequently experience guilt. 
B) seek ways to increase their level of self-awareness. 
C) be angry or depressed. 
D) try and make amends to the people whom they have offended.

Question 2

According to the text,all of the following are sources of self-knowledge EXCEPT which one?

Accepted Answer

A) appraisals from others 
B) social comparisons 
C) self-perceptions 
D) first impressions 
A) appraisals from others 
B) social comparisons 
C) self-perceptions 
D) first impressions

Question 3

What is one of the foundational insights of social comparison theory?

Accepted Answer

A) People compare their achievements with an internal standard on social,but not on nonsocial,dimensions. 
B) People often don't have an objective means of assessing their ability on a given dimension. 
C) People compare themselves with others only when they are feeling generally confident about their abilities. 
D) Comparisons between people are inevitably harmful for motivation. 
A) People compare their achievements with an internal standard on social,but not on nonsocial,dimensions. 
B) People often don't have an objective means of assessing their ability on a given dimension. 
C) People compare themselves with others only when they are feeling generally confident about their abilities. 
D) Comparisons between people are inevitably harmful for motivation.

Question 4

A study showed that overweight people are significantly less happy if they live in a society that stigmatizes obesity than if they live in a society in which obesity is common and accepted.This illustrates the concept of:

Accepted Answer

A) the worse than average effect. 
B) downward comparison. 
C) the generalized other. 
D) the looking-glass self. 
A) the worse than average effect. 
B) downward comparison. 
C) the generalized other. 
D) the looking-glass self.

Question 5

The _____ is the mental process that is on the lookout for signs of an unwanted thought,while the _____ is the mental process that pushes signs of an unwanted thought outside of consciousness.

Accepted Answer

A) monitor;operator 
B) operator;monitor 
C) ego;superego 
D) superego;ego 
A) monitor;operator 
B) operator;monitor 
C) ego;superego 
D) superego;ego

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) People are reasonably good at predicting what the strength of their emotional reactions to future events will be. 
B) People are fairly poor at predicting what the strength of their emotional reactions to future events will be. 
C) People tend never to think about what their emotional reactions to future events will be. 
D) People who are high in private self-consciousness generally provide more accurate predictions of their emotional reactions to future events. 
A) People are reasonably good at predicting what the strength of their emotional reactions to future events will be. 
B) People are fairly poor at predicting what the strength of their emotional reactions to future events will be. 
C) People tend never to think about what their emotional reactions to future events will be. 
D) People who are high in private self-consciousness generally provide more accurate predictions of their emotional reactions to future events.

Question 7

What does research suggest about the relationship between people's ratings of their own physical attractiveness compared with how their close friends rate them?

Accepted Answer

A) There is no relationship between the two. 
B) They are almost identical. 
C) The two have a weak correlation (around 0.25). 
D) The two have a strong correlation (around 0.75). 
A) There is no relationship between the two. 
B) They are almost identical. 
C) The two have a weak correlation (around 0.25). 
D) The two have a strong correlation (around 0.75).

Question 8

Another term for mental fatigue is:

Accepted Answer

A) affective forecasting. 
B) ego depletion. 
C) ironic processing. 
D) self-regulation. 
A) affective forecasting. 
B) ego depletion. 
C) ironic processing. 
D) self-regulation.

Question 9

Self-awareness theory states that:

Accepted Answer

A) if people focus on other people rather than themselves,they are usually happier. 
B) when people are focused on themselves,they are more likely to behave defensively. 
C) human beings are self-aware,which gives them potential for overwhelming anxiety. 
D) one's attitudes,values,and goals will be most likely to influence behavior when attention is focused on the self. 
A) if people focus on other people rather than themselves,they are usually happier. 
B) when people are focused on themselves,they are more likely to behave defensively. 
C) human beings are self-aware,which gives them potential for overwhelming anxiety. 
D) one's attitudes,values,and goals will be most likely to influence behavior when attention is focused on the self.

Question 10

Layla plays in a local rock band that gets jobs at small venues,bars,and restaurants.One night the band has a meeting so they all can give each other feedback on how they perform with their specific instruments.What does research suggest will be Layla's experience of this meeting?

Accepted Answer

A) She will give the other band members disproportionately positive feedback. 
B) She will give the other band members disproportionately negative feedback. 
C) She will receive disproportionately negative feedback from the other band members. 
D) She will interpret the feedback she receives as more negative than the other band members intend. 
A) She will give the other band members disproportionately positive feedback. 
B) She will give the other band members disproportionately negative feedback. 
C) She will receive disproportionately negative feedback from the other band members. 
D) She will interpret the feedback she receives as more negative than the other band members intend.

Question 11

When we conclude that we must be anxious because we can't sleep,which theory describes our thought process?

Accepted Answer

A) social role theory 
B) symbolic interactionism 
C) social identity theory 
D) self-perception theory 
A) social role theory 
B) symbolic interactionism 
C) social identity theory 
D) self-perception theory

Question 12

A set of processes for guiding one's thoughts,feelings,and behavior to reach desired goals is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) self-regulation. 
B) cognitive reappraisal. 
C) ego depletion. 
D) implementation intention. 
A) self-regulation. 
B) cognitive reappraisal. 
C) ego depletion. 
D) implementation intention.

Question 13

What is the central proposition of self-perception theory?

Accepted Answer

A) The aspects of people's personalities which they perceive to be most important have the strongest influence on their behavior. 
B) People are not capable of accurately perceiving their own characteristics. 
C) People's perceptions of how others view them are a major determinant of how they treat others. 
D) People sometimes infer their own attitudes and attributes by observing their behavior and the situation in which it occurs. 
A) The aspects of people's personalities which they perceive to be most important have the strongest influence on their behavior. 
B) People are not capable of accurately perceiving their own characteristics. 
C) People's perceptions of how others view them are a major determinant of how they treat others. 
D) People sometimes infer their own attitudes and attributes by observing their behavior and the situation in which it occurs.

Question 14

All of the following research findings about self-schemas are true EXCEPT which statement?

Accepted Answer

A) People are more likely to remember specific behaviors that reflect a self-defining attribute. 
B) People process information about a self-defining attribute more quickly. 
C) People's opinions about their central self-schema(s)tend to fluctuate dramatically in different situations. 
D) People are reluctant to believe information that contradicts their sense of the extent to which they possess a self-defining attribute. 
A) People are more likely to remember specific behaviors that reflect a self-defining attribute. 
B) People process information about a self-defining attribute more quickly. 
C) People's opinions about their central self-schema(s)tend to fluctuate dramatically in different situations. 
D) People are reluctant to believe information that contradicts their sense of the extent to which they possess a self-defining attribute.

Question 15

Baldwin and colleagues had graduate students evaluate their own research ideas after seeing a picture of a highly respected faculty member with a disapproving expression or seeing a less prominent figure with an approving expression.What did the results show?

Accepted Answer

A) Subjects primed with the highly respected faculty member judged their ideas less favorably than before. 
B) Subjects primed with the highly respected faculty member judged their ideas more favorably than before. 
C) Subjects primed with the less prominent figure judged their ideas less favorably than before. 
D) Subjects primed with the less prominent figure judged their ideas more favorably than before. 
A) Subjects primed with the highly respected faculty member judged their ideas less favorably than before. 
B) Subjects primed with the highly respected faculty member judged their ideas more favorably than before. 
C) Subjects primed with the less prominent figure judged their ideas less favorably than before. 
D) Subjects primed with the less prominent figure judged their ideas more favorably than before.

Question 16

A study by Milne and colleagues reminded students of their vulnerability to heart disease and the benefits of exercising to reduce that risk.One group of students was given implantation intentions and the other group was not.What did the results show?

Accepted Answer

A) The students who were given implementation intentions increased their exercise habits the most. 
B) The students who were given implementation intentions decreased their exercise habits. 
C) There was no difference in exercise habits between students with or without implementation intentions. 
D) The students who were given implementation intentions increased their exercise habits the most,but only if they were made to be self-aware. 
A) The students who were given implementation intentions increased their exercise habits the most. 
B) The students who were given implementation intentions decreased their exercise habits. 
C) There was no difference in exercise habits between students with or without implementation intentions. 
D) The students who were given implementation intentions increased their exercise habits the most,but only if they were made to be self-aware.

Question 17

One study tracked the daily influence of events on college students' moods,and also their own perceptions of the influence of events.What were the findings of this study?

Accepted Answer

A) All of the fluctuation in participants' daily moods could be explained by personality factors. 
B) All of the fluctuation in participants' daily moods could be explained by situational factors. 
C) Events like the weather and lack of sleep did not affect participants' moods,but the participants believed that they did. 
D) Events like the weather and lack of sleep did affect participants' moods,but the participants believed that they did not. 
A) All of the fluctuation in participants' daily moods could be explained by personality factors. 
B) All of the fluctuation in participants' daily moods could be explained by situational factors. 
C) Events like the weather and lack of sleep did not affect participants' moods,but the participants believed that they did. 
D) Events like the weather and lack of sleep did affect participants' moods,but the participants believed that they did not.

Question 18

Tran can't seem to understand his social psychology material.He feels like he will never be able to find a way to pass the test.Self-awareness theory predicts:

Accepted Answer

A) Tran will try harder to study. 
B) Tran will organize a study group with his classmates. 
C) Tran will avoid self-focus. 
D) Tran will engage in self-comparison with others. 
A) Tran will try harder to study. 
B) Tran will organize a study group with his classmates. 
C) Tran will avoid self-focus. 
D) Tran will engage in self-comparison with others.

Question 19

In one study,participants were told that they had either done well or poorly on a test,and then they participated in a second study,ostensibly on alcohol preferences.What were the findings?

Accepted Answer

A) The participants who believed they did poorly on the test drank less wine. 
B) The participants who believed they did poorly on the test drank more wine. 
C) Among the participants who believed they did poorly,existing levels of private self-consciousness predicted higher levels of drinking. 
D) Among the participants who believed they did poorly,there was no relationship between existing levels of private self-consciousness and levels of drinking. 
A) The participants who believed they did poorly on the test drank less wine. 
B) The participants who believed they did poorly on the test drank more wine. 
C) Among the participants who believed they did poorly,existing levels of private self-consciousness predicted higher levels of drinking. 
D) Among the participants who believed they did poorly,there was no relationship between existing levels of private self-consciousness and levels of drinking.

Question 20

In the framework of self-discrepancy theory,the _____ is our vision for what we would most like to become through our actions.

Accepted Answer

A) ideal self 
B) ought self 
C) actual self 
D) looking-glass self 
A) ideal self 
B) ought self 
C) actual self 
D) looking-glass self

Research suggests that people who frequently experience shame are more likely to:

According to the text,all of the following are sources of self-knowledge EXCEPT which one?

What is one of the foundational insights of social comparison theory?

A study showed that overweight people are significantly less happy if they live in a society that stigmatizes obesity than if they live in a society in which obesity is common and accepted.This illustrates the concept of:

The _ is the mental process that is on the lookout for signs of an unwanted thought,while the _ is the mental process that pushes signs of an unwanted thought outside of consciousness.

Which of the following statements is true?

What does research suggest about the relationship between people's ratings of their own physical attractiveness compared with how their close friends rate them?

Another term for mental fatigue is:

Self-awareness theory states that:

Layla plays in a local rock band that gets jobs at small venues,bars,and restaurants.One night the band has a meeting so they all can give each other feedback on how they perform with their specific instruments.What does research suggest will be Layla's experience of this meeting?

When we conclude that we must be anxious because we can't sleep,which theory describes our thought process?

A set of processes for guiding one's thoughts,feelings,and behavior to reach desired goals is referred to as:

What is the central proposition of self-perception theory?

All of the following research findings about self-schemas are true EXCEPT which statement?

Baldwin and colleagues had graduate students evaluate their own research ideas after seeing a picture of a highly respected faculty member with a disapproving expression or seeing a less prominent figure with an approving expression.What did the results show?

A study by Milne and colleagues reminded students of their vulnerability to heart disease and the benefits of exercising to reduce that risk.One group of students was given implantation intentions and the other group was not.What did the results show?

One study tracked the daily influence of events on college students' moods,and also their own perceptions of the influence of events.What were the findings of this study?

Tran can't seem to understand his social psychology material.He feels like he will never be able to find a way to pass the test.Self-awareness theory predicts:

In one study,participants were told that they had either done well or poorly on a test,and then they participated in a second study,ostensibly on alcohol preferences.What were the findings?

In the framework of self-discrepancy theory,the _____ is our vision for what we would most like to become through our actions.

The Revealing Science of Social Psychology

Fundamentals of Social Behavior

The Core Elements of Social Cognition

Thinking About People and Events

The Key Self-Motives: Consistency, Esteem, Presentation, and Growth

Social Influence

Persuasion, Attitudes, and Behavior

Group Processes

Understanding Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination

Responding to and Reducing Prejudice

Interpersonal Aggression

Prosocial Behavior

Interpersonal Attraction

Close Relationships

Filters

Exam 5: The Nature, Origins, and Functions of the Self

Research suggests that people who frequently experience shame are more likely to:

According to the text,all of the following are sources of self-knowledge EXCEPT which one?

What is one of the foundational insights of social comparison theory?

A study showed that overweight people are significantly less happy if they live in a society that stigmatizes obesity than if they live in a society in which obesity is common and accepted.This illustrates the concept of:

The _____ is the mental process that is on the lookout for signs of an unwanted thought,while the _____ is the mental process that pushes signs of an unwanted thought outside of consciousness.

Which of the following statements is true?

What does research suggest about the relationship between people's ratings of their own physical attractiveness compared with how their close friends rate them?

Another term for mental fatigue is:

Self-awareness theory states that:

Layla plays in a local rock band that gets jobs at small venues,bars,and restaurants.One night the band has a meeting so they all can give each other feedback on how they perform with their specific instruments.What does research suggest will be Layla's experience of this meeting?

When we conclude that we must be anxious because we can't sleep,which theory describes our thought process?

A set of processes for guiding one's thoughts,feelings,and behavior to reach desired goals is referred to as:

What is the central proposition of self-perception theory?

All of the following research findings about self-schemas are true EXCEPT which statement?

Baldwin and colleagues had graduate students evaluate their own research ideas after seeing a picture of a highly respected faculty member with a disapproving expression or seeing a less prominent figure with an approving expression.What did the results show?

A study by Milne and colleagues reminded students of their vulnerability to heart disease and the benefits of exercising to reduce that risk.One group of students was given implantation intentions and the other group was not.What did the results show?

One study tracked the daily influence of events on college students' moods,and also their own perceptions of the influence of events.What were the findings of this study?

Tran can't seem to understand his social psychology material.He feels like he will never be able to find a way to pass the test.Self-awareness theory predicts:

In one study,participants were told that they had either done well or poorly on a test,and then they participated in a second study,ostensibly on alcohol preferences.What were the findings?

In the framework of self-discrepancy theory,the _____ is our vision for what we would most like to become through our actions.

The Revealing Science of Social Psychology

Fundamentals of Social Behavior

The Core Elements of Social Cognition

Thinking About People and Events

The Key Self-Motives: Consistency, Esteem, Presentation, and Growth

Social Influence

Persuasion, Attitudes, and Behavior

Group Processes

Understanding Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination

Responding to and Reducing Prejudice

Interpersonal Aggression

Prosocial Behavior

Interpersonal Attraction

Close Relationships

Filters

The _ is the mental process that is on the lookout for signs of an unwanted thought,while the _ is the mental process that pushes signs of an unwanted thought outside of consciousness.