Question 1

Your representation of your psychology professor is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) script. 
B) category. 
C) impression. 
D) heuristic. 
A) script. 
B) category. 
C) impression. 
D) heuristic.

Question 2

In one study,researchers found that participants thought they were more likely to draw a red marble from a jar with 10 red marbles and 90 other-colored marbles,rather than a jar with 1 red marble and 9 other-colored marbles,even though technically this is not true.This study BEST illustrates the pervasiveness of what aspect of social cognition?

Accepted Answer

A) impressions 
B) scripts 
C) the cognitive system 
D) heuristics 
A) impressions 
B) scripts 
C) the cognitive system 
D) heuristics

Question 3

For a person trying to make a decision,lay epistemology theory would identify the following as relevant influences EXCEPT which factor?

Accepted Answer

A) the extent to which a relevant preexisting belief that we hold is activated in the situation 
B) whether a person has a general preference for clear and simple knowledge 
C) the cognitive impairments and advantages that people may have at different developmental stages 
D) whether a person is exhausted or unable to focus in a situation 
A) the extent to which a relevant preexisting belief that we hold is activated in the situation 
B) whether a person has a general preference for clear and simple knowledge 
C) the cognitive impairments and advantages that people may have at different developmental stages 
D) whether a person is exhausted or unable to focus in a situation

Question 4

Schemas that are easily brought to mind due to personal importance are called _____ schemas.

Accepted Answer

A) experiential 
B) associative 
C) chronically accessible 
D) salient 
A) experiential 
B) associative 
C) chronically accessible 
D) salient

Question 5

Putting the key in your car's ignition,buckling your seat belt,and starting the engine are all parts of a type of schema called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) impression. 
B) saliency. 
C) script. 
D) category. 
A) impression. 
B) saliency. 
C) script. 
D) category.

Question 6

All of the following describe a way in which the unconscious is smart EXCEPT which statement?

Accepted Answer

A) Intuition can facilitate smart decisions. 
B) Emotions occurring at an unconscious level help us make judgments. 
C) The unconscious generates creative ideas. 
D) Memories are more accurate once they are stored in the unconscious. 
A) Intuition can facilitate smart decisions. 
B) Emotions occurring at an unconscious level help us make judgments. 
C) The unconscious generates creative ideas. 
D) Memories are more accurate once they are stored in the unconscious.

Question 7

What is the somatic marker hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A) Emotions are primarily driven by internal changes in the body,rather than any situational factors external to the body. 
B) The brain operates primarily as a "somatic marker" of the body. 
C) People look to information in their environment when they are trying to rationally make a decision about what to do in a situation. 
D) People experience certain bodily changes as emotions,and they come to associate those changes with positive or negative experiences. 
A) Emotions are primarily driven by internal changes in the body,rather than any situational factors external to the body. 
B) The brain operates primarily as a "somatic marker" of the body. 
C) People look to information in their environment when they are trying to rationally make a decision about what to do in a situation. 
D) People experience certain bodily changes as emotions,and they come to associate those changes with positive or negative experiences.

Question 8

A person is MOST likely to revise a preexisting schema in which of the following situations?

Accepted Answer

A) when the information they perceive radically disconfirms their prior expectations 
B) when the information in a situation is ambiguous 
C) when they enter the situation having already been subtly primed to think about it in a certain way 
D) when the situation is similar to situations that they have been in before 
A) when the information they perceive radically disconfirms their prior expectations 
B) when the information in a situation is ambiguous 
C) when they enter the situation having already been subtly primed to think about it in a certain way 
D) when the situation is similar to situations that they have been in before

Question 9

Research suggests that the more _____ people have devoted to a judgment,the more their _____ will influence the judgment.

Accepted Answer

A) schemas;emotions 
B) emotion;schemas 
C) thought;mood 
D) moods;thoughts 
A) schemas;emotions 
B) emotion;schemas 
C) thought;mood 
D) moods;thoughts

Question 10

In a classic study by Allport and Postman (1947),participants were shown an image of a white man on a street car,waving a razor at a black man.Then the scene was described by one participant to another and so on until it had been described six times.What were the findings of the study?

Accepted Answer

A) In over half the trials,by the last telling of the story,the participant was claiming a black man held a razor. 
B) In over half the trials,by the last telling of the story,the participant was not relaying any information about a razor. 
C) In the majority of trials,people were able to recount the story essentially accurately. 
D) In the majority of trials,people had gotten confused about the setting in which the story was taking place. 
A) In over half the trials,by the last telling of the story,the participant was claiming a black man held a razor. 
B) In over half the trials,by the last telling of the story,the participant was not relaying any information about a razor. 
C) In the majority of trials,people were able to recount the story essentially accurately. 
D) In the majority of trials,people had gotten confused about the setting in which the story was taking place.

Question 11

In a classic study by Higgins and colleagues (1977),participants were first asked to complete a task which primed them with different kinds of words.Next,they evaluated a person that they had never met before,who tended to engage in risky behavior.What were the findings?

Accepted Answer

A) Participants primed with words like "adventurous" had a negative impression of the person. 
B) Participants primed with words like "reckless" had a positive impression of the person. 
C) Participants primed with words like "reckless" had a negative impression of the person. 
D) Participants primed with words like "reckless" had a negative impression of the person,while those primed with words like "adventurous" had a positive impression. 
A) Participants primed with words like "adventurous" had a negative impression of the person. 
B) Participants primed with words like "reckless" had a positive impression of the person. 
C) Participants primed with words like "reckless" had a negative impression of the person. 
D) Participants primed with words like "reckless" had a negative impression of the person,while those primed with words like "adventurous" had a positive impression.

Question 12

A study demonstrated that people holding a heavier clipboard evaluated an issue as more important than people holding a lighter clipboard.What phenomenon in social cognition does this study BEST clarify?

Accepted Answer

A) people's need for accuracy closure 
B) the metaphoric element of social cognition 
C) people's tendency to form semantic associations 
D) the importance of contrast effects in social cognition 
A) people's need for accuracy closure 
B) the metaphoric element of social cognition 
C) people's tendency to form semantic associations 
D) the importance of contrast effects in social cognition

Question 13

"I'll have whatever she's having" best demonstrates:

Accepted Answer

A) the need for accurate knowledge. 
B) the need for information quantity. 
C) the need to confirm preexisting beliefs. 
D) the need to reach closure quickly. 
A) the need for accurate knowledge. 
B) the need for information quantity. 
C) the need to confirm preexisting beliefs. 
D) the need to reach closure quickly.

Question 14

One study asked trained clinicians and naïve observers to look at drawings by mentally ill patients,for signs of the artists' disorders.The researchers randomly paired each picture with a particular disorder.The results indicated that:

Accepted Answer

A) only the therapists' schemas for how mental illness should look shaped how the drawings were perceived. 
B) only the naïve observers' schemas for how mental illness should look shaped how the drawings were perceived. 
C) the prime of mental illness did not affect how the drawings were perceived. 
D) both naïve observers and trained clinicians were more likely to shape beliefs based on preexisting schemas. 
A) only the therapists' schemas for how mental illness should look shaped how the drawings were perceived. 
B) only the naïve observers' schemas for how mental illness should look shaped how the drawings were perceived. 
C) the prime of mental illness did not affect how the drawings were perceived. 
D) both naïve observers and trained clinicians were more likely to shape beliefs based on preexisting schemas.

Question 15

The cognitive system is the origin of _____,while the experiential system is the origin of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) explicit attitudes;implicit attitudes 
B) implicit attitudes;explicit attitudes 
C) bias;rationality 
D) rationality;bias 
A) explicit attitudes;implicit attitudes 
B) implicit attitudes;explicit attitudes 
C) bias;rationality 
D) rationality;bias

Question 16

People who have a personal preference for clear and simple knowledge tend to seek:

Accepted Answer

A) accurate knowledge. 
B) closure quickly. 
C) confirmation of preexisting beliefs. 
D) no closure at all. 
A) accurate knowledge. 
B) closure quickly. 
C) confirmation of preexisting beliefs. 
D) no closure at all.

Question 17

What does research suggest that people are likely to do if they are primed with words related to the concept "elderly"?

Accepted Answer

A) think of themselves as older 
B) speak more quickly 
C) walk more slowly if they have negative attitudes toward the elderly 
D) walk more slowly if they have positive attitudes toward the elderly 
A) think of themselves as older 
B) speak more quickly 
C) walk more slowly if they have negative attitudes toward the elderly 
D) walk more slowly if they have positive attitudes toward the elderly

Question 18

_____ attitudes are those that people are consciously aware of through the cognitive system,while _____ attitudes are automatic associations based on previous learning through the experiential system.

Accepted Answer

A) Positive;negative 
B) Negative;positive 
C) Implicit;explicit 
D) Explicit;implicit 
A) Positive;negative 
B) Negative;positive 
C) Implicit;explicit 
D) Explicit;implicit

Question 19

Research suggests that when individuals are faced with making complex decisions,they are best made by:

Accepted Answer

A) automatic processing. 
B) conscious processing. 
C) integrating conscious and unconscious processing. 
D) intuition alone. 
A) automatic processing. 
B) conscious processing. 
C) integrating conscious and unconscious processing. 
D) intuition alone.

Question 20

Raul feels strongly about the need for gun control.After he watches a documentary detailing the evidence for gun control,his opinion is likely to be:

Accepted Answer

A) stronger. 
B) weaker. 
C) more moderate. 
D) the same as before. 
A) stronger. 
B) weaker. 
C) more moderate. 
D) the same as before.

Your representation of your psychology professor is called a(n):

For a person trying to make a decision,lay epistemology theory would identify the following as relevant influences EXCEPT which factor?

Schemas that are easily brought to mind due to personal importance are called _____ schemas.

Putting the key in your car's ignition,buckling your seat belt,and starting the engine are all parts of a type of schema called a(n):

All of the following describe a way in which the unconscious is smart EXCEPT which statement?

What is the somatic marker hypothesis?

A person is MOST likely to revise a preexisting schema in which of the following situations?

Research suggests that the more _ people have devoted to a judgment,the more their _ will influence the judgment.

In a classic study by Allport and Postman (1947),participants were shown an image of a white man on a street car,waving a razor at a black man.Then the scene was described by one participant to another and so on until it had been described six times.What were the findings of the study?

In a classic study by Higgins and colleagues (1977),participants were first asked to complete a task which primed them with different kinds of words.Next,they evaluated a person that they had never met before,who tended to engage in risky behavior.What were the findings?

A study demonstrated that people holding a heavier clipboard evaluated an issue as more important than people holding a lighter clipboard.What phenomenon in social cognition does this study BEST clarify?

"I'll have whatever she's having" best demonstrates:

One study asked trained clinicians and naïve observers to look at drawings by mentally ill patients,for signs of the artists' disorders.The researchers randomly paired each picture with a particular disorder.The results indicated that:

The cognitive system is the origin of _,while the experiential system is the origin of _.

People who have a personal preference for clear and simple knowledge tend to seek:

What does research suggest that people are likely to do if they are primed with words related to the concept "elderly"?

_ attitudes are those that people are consciously aware of through the cognitive system,while _ attitudes are automatic associations based on previous learning through the experiential system.

Research suggests that when individuals are faced with making complex decisions,they are best made by:

Raul feels strongly about the need for gun control.After he watches a documentary detailing the evidence for gun control,his opinion is likely to be:

The Revealing Science of Social Psychology

Fundamentals of Social Behavior

Thinking About People and Events

The Nature, Origins, and Functions of the Self

The Key Self-Motives: Consistency, Esteem, Presentation, and Growth

Social Influence

Persuasion, Attitudes, and Behavior

Group Processes

Understanding Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination

Responding to and Reducing Prejudice

Interpersonal Aggression

Prosocial Behavior

Interpersonal Attraction

Close Relationships

Filters

Exam 3: The Core Elements of Social Cognition

Your representation of your psychology professor is called a(n):

For a person trying to make a decision,lay epistemology theory would identify the following as relevant influences EXCEPT which factor?

Schemas that are easily brought to mind due to personal importance are called _____ schemas.

Putting the key in your car's ignition,buckling your seat belt,and starting the engine are all parts of a type of schema called a(n):

All of the following describe a way in which the unconscious is smart EXCEPT which statement?

What is the somatic marker hypothesis?

A person is MOST likely to revise a preexisting schema in which of the following situations?

Research suggests that the more _____ people have devoted to a judgment,the more their _____ will influence the judgment.

In a classic study by Allport and Postman (1947),participants were shown an image of a white man on a street car,waving a razor at a black man.Then the scene was described by one participant to another and so on until it had been described six times.What were the findings of the study?

In a classic study by Higgins and colleagues (1977),participants were first asked to complete a task which primed them with different kinds of words.Next,they evaluated a person that they had never met before,who tended to engage in risky behavior.What were the findings?

A study demonstrated that people holding a heavier clipboard evaluated an issue as more important than people holding a lighter clipboard.What phenomenon in social cognition does this study BEST clarify?

"I'll have whatever she's having" best demonstrates:

One study asked trained clinicians and naïve observers to look at drawings by mentally ill patients,for signs of the artists' disorders.The researchers randomly paired each picture with a particular disorder.The results indicated that:

The cognitive system is the origin of _____,while the experiential system is the origin of _____.

People who have a personal preference for clear and simple knowledge tend to seek:

What does research suggest that people are likely to do if they are primed with words related to the concept "elderly"?

_____ attitudes are those that people are consciously aware of through the cognitive system,while _____ attitudes are automatic associations based on previous learning through the experiential system.

Research suggests that when individuals are faced with making complex decisions,they are best made by:

Raul feels strongly about the need for gun control.After he watches a documentary detailing the evidence for gun control,his opinion is likely to be:

The Revealing Science of Social Psychology

Fundamentals of Social Behavior

Thinking About People and Events

The Nature, Origins, and Functions of the Self

The Key Self-Motives: Consistency, Esteem, Presentation, and Growth

Social Influence

Persuasion, Attitudes, and Behavior

Group Processes

Understanding Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination

Responding to and Reducing Prejudice

Interpersonal Aggression

Prosocial Behavior

Interpersonal Attraction

Close Relationships

Filters

Research suggests that the more _ people have devoted to a judgment,the more their _ will influence the judgment.

The cognitive system is the origin of _,while the experiential system is the origin of _.

_ attitudes are those that people are consciously aware of through the cognitive system,while _ attitudes are automatic associations based on previous learning through the experiential system.