Question 1

Research on Freud's theory of humor has found all of the following results except one. Which one?

Accepted Answer

A)  People find mildly hostile humor funnier when it is aimed at a person or group they do not like. 
B)  Angry people may react in different ways to jokes that include aggressive themes. 
C)  The greater the tension build-up to a joke, the funnier people find the punch line. 
D)  Anxious people are not able to enjoy a joke. 
A)  People find mildly hostile humor funnier when it is aimed at a person or group they do not like. 
B)  Angry people may react in different ways to jokes that include aggressive themes. 
C)  The greater the tension build-up to a joke, the funnier people find the punch line. 
D)  Anxious people are not able to enjoy a joke.

Question 2

Sociocognitive theories of hypnosis point out that a person cannot do under hypnosis what they would not do without it.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of the following findings challenges the Freudian interpretation of dreams?

Accepted Answer

A)  People often dream during REM sleep, but they also dream during NREM sleep. 
B)  Newborn babies experience large amounts of REM sleep on a daily basis. 
C)  People deprived of REM sleep have difficulty with anxiety-provoking material. 
D)  People have longer periods of REM sleep as the night progresses. 
A)  People often dream during REM sleep, but they also dream during NREM sleep. 
B)  Newborn babies experience large amounts of REM sleep on a daily basis. 
C)  People deprived of REM sleep have difficulty with anxiety-provoking material. 
D)  People have longer periods of REM sleep as the night progresses.

Question 4

Based on past research, who do you suppose would be the most responsive to a hypnotic suggestions?

Accepted Answer

A)  A highly extraverted person 
B)  An intelligent person 
C)  A person who gets highly involved in a book or movie 
D)  A person who has gone through a hypnotic induction before 
A)  A highly extraverted person 
B)  An intelligent person 
C)  A person who gets highly involved in a book or movie 
D)  A person who has gone through a hypnotic induction before

Question 5

"Posthypnotic amnesia" refers to the hypnotic subjects' inability to recall

Accepted Answer

A)  whether or not they have been hypnotized. 
B)  what happened under hypnosis at any time in the future. 
C)  what happened under hypnosis until the hypnotist tells them to. 
D)  events that happen after hypnosis. 
A)  whether or not they have been hypnotized. 
B)  what happened under hypnosis at any time in the future. 
C)  what happened under hypnosis until the hypnotist tells them to. 
D)  events that happen after hypnosis.

Question 6

Numerous studies find that people who score high on measures of trait called ____________are more responsive to hypnotic suggestion than those who score low on that same trait.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychosis 
B)  expectancy 
C)  extraversion 
D)  absorption 
A)  psychosis 
B)  expectancy 
C)  extraversion 
D)  absorption

Question 7

According to the textbook, the many theories of hypnosis can be roughly placed along a continuum depending on

Accepted Answer

A)  whether posthypnotic amnesia is regarded as possible. 
B)  the hypnotic trance is or is not within the control of the person being hypnotized. 
C)  the extent to which the theory reflects psychoanalytic thinking. 
D)  the theory allows for the concept of susceptibility modification. 
A)  whether posthypnotic amnesia is regarded as possible. 
B)  the hypnotic trance is or is not within the control of the person being hypnotized. 
C)  the extent to which the theory reflects psychoanalytic thinking. 
D)  the theory allows for the concept of susceptibility modification.

Question 8

Which statement best summarizes what researchers have found about the changes in frequencies of male and female dream characters at different age levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  The adult pattern of frequencies of dream characters does not emerge until the teenage years. 
B)  The pattern changes for males as they pass through the Oedipus complex. 
C)  The frequencies of male and female characters completely reverse for both males and females as they age from childhood to adulthood. 
D)  The pattern found in adult males and females is also found in samples of children of various ages. 
A)  The adult pattern of frequencies of dream characters does not emerge until the teenage years. 
B)  The pattern changes for males as they pass through the Oedipus complex. 
C)  The frequencies of male and female characters completely reverse for both males and females as they age from childhood to adulthood. 
D)  The pattern found in adult males and females is also found in samples of children of various ages.

Question 9

When researchers asked people to rate cartoons for funniness, they found that

Accepted Answer

A)  each participant experienced a cathartic release of tension. 
B)  men rated cartoons that ridiculed women as funnier. 
C)  the likelihood of participants acting aggressively significantly increased. 
D)  women were more amused by cartoons that targeted women than by those that targeted men. 
A)  each participant experienced a cathartic release of tension. 
B)  men rated cartoons that ridiculed women as funnier. 
C)  the likelihood of participants acting aggressively significantly increased. 
D)  women were more amused by cartoons that targeted women than by those that targeted men.

Question 10

Some theorists argue that psychological defense mechanisms are a healthy part of one's psyche, while others might argue that such strategies for distorting reality are always unhealthy. Still others believe that defense mechanisms do not truly exist .Which of these positions do you most agree? Defend your answer.

Accepted Answer

I believe that psychological defense mec

Question 11

All but which of the following has been found to enhance hypnotic responsiveness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Positive attitudes toward hypnosis 
B)  An expectation that one will become highly hypnotized 
C)  A high level of motivation to become hypnotized 
D)  A high extraversion score 
A)  Positive attitudes toward hypnosis 
B)  An expectation that one will become highly hypnotized 
C)  A high level of motivation to become hypnotized 
D)  A high extraversion score

Question 12

According to Freud, in order to reduce the likelihood that an angry person will behave in aggressive ways, you should tell that person a ____________joke.

Accepted Answer

A)  hostile 
B)  sexual 
C)  "corny" 
D)  really funny 
A)  hostile 
B)  sexual 
C)  "corny" 
D)  really funny

Question 13

According to the psychoanalytic explanation of hypnosis, the superego forms a new subsystem when a person is under hypnosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following is true about REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most adults spend 1 ½ to 2 hour a night in REM, spread over several periods. 
B)  Adults spend most of their sleeping hours in REM sleep. 
C)  Muscles are more tense and active during REM sleep than non-REM sleep. 
D)  Only about half of all adults experience REM sleep. 
A)  Most adults spend 1 ½ to 2 hour a night in REM, spread over several periods. 
B)  Adults spend most of their sleeping hours in REM sleep. 
C)  Muscles are more tense and active during REM sleep than non-REM sleep. 
D)  Only about half of all adults experience REM sleep.

Question 15

People who are deprived of ____________may have more difficulty with stressful tasks than those who do not experience such deprivation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Delta wave sleep 
B)  REM sleep 
C)  9 to 10 nightly sleep hours 
D)  psychotherapy 
A)  Delta wave sleep 
B)  REM sleep 
C)  9 to 10 nightly sleep hours 
D)  psychotherapy

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the cross-cultural findings when comparing the frequencies of male and female characters in dreams?

Accepted Answer

A)  Although there are a few exceptions, the frequencies found in American samples tend to be found in other cultures as well. 
B)  American and European samples show different frequencies than non-Western samples. 
C)  Male characters tend to show up in dreams more frequently in male-dominated societies. 
D)  Although a consistent pattern is found in the results from different American samples, no clear pattern emerges when looking at studies using participants from other cultures. 
A)  Although there are a few exceptions, the frequencies found in American samples tend to be found in other cultures as well. 
B)  American and European samples show different frequencies than non-Western samples. 
C)  Male characters tend to show up in dreams more frequently in male-dominated societies. 
D)  Although a consistent pattern is found in the results from different American samples, no clear pattern emerges when looking at studies using participants from other cultures.

Question 17

When Tony was three years old, he experienced a great deal of stress at home. As an adult, he tends to have problems with hostility, depression, and alcohol abuse. Which defense mechanism might he use more than others?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reaction formation 
B)  Sublimation 
C)  Denial. 
D)  Rationalization 
A)  Reaction formation 
B)  Sublimation 
C)  Denial. 
D)  Rationalization

Question 18

State three specific predictions of Freud's theory about hostile humor. Summarize the evidence for a preference for hostile humor, the reduction of aggression with hostile humor, and the relationship between tension reduction and funniness.

Accepted Answer

Freud's theory about hostile humor makes

Question 19

Participants in the "hidden observer" demonstrations placed their arms in painfully cold water. Researchers found that highly hypnotized participants

Accepted Answer

A)  reported experiencing no pain. 
B)  could only experience pain after the experimenter told them they could. 
C)  left their arm in the water, but reported through their "hidden observer" that the experience was painful. 
D)  experienced no pain while hypnotized, but recalled the pain after the hypnosis was over. 
A)  reported experiencing no pain. 
B)  could only experience pain after the experimenter told them they could. 
C)  left their arm in the water, but reported through their "hidden observer" that the experience was painful. 
D)  experienced no pain while hypnotized, but recalled the pain after the hypnosis was over.

Question 20

Marcellus frequently has the same dream about being chased by his wife's first husband. In the dream, the man is angry at Marcellus, and screams "you stole her from me." He has this dream at least once or twice a month. Marcellus is having a ____________dream.

Accepted Answer

A)  conscious 
B)  lucid 
C)  surreal 
D)  recurrent 
A)  conscious 
B)  lucid 
C)  surreal 
D)  recurrent

Research on Freud's theory of humor has found all of the following results except one. Which one?

Sociocognitive theories of hypnosis point out that a person cannot do under hypnosis what they would not do without it.

Which of the following findings challenges the Freudian interpretation of dreams?

Based on past research, who do you suppose would be the most responsive to a hypnotic suggestions?

"Posthypnotic amnesia" refers to the hypnotic subjects' inability to recall

Numerous studies find that people who score high on measures of trait called ____________are more responsive to hypnotic suggestion than those who score low on that same trait.

According to the textbook, the many theories of hypnosis can be roughly placed along a continuum depending on

Which statement best summarizes what researchers have found about the changes in frequencies of male and female dream characters at different age levels?

When researchers asked people to rate cartoons for funniness, they found that

All but which of the following has been found to enhance hypnotic responsiveness?

According to Freud, in order to reduce the likelihood that an angry person will behave in aggressive ways, you should tell that person a ____________joke.

According to the psychoanalytic explanation of hypnosis, the superego forms a new subsystem when a person is under hypnosis.

Which of the following is true about REM sleep?

People who are deprived of ____________may have more difficulty with stressful tasks than those who do not experience such deprivation.

Which of the following best describes the cross-cultural findings when comparing the frequencies of male and female characters in dreams?

When Tony was three years old, he experienced a great deal of stress at home. As an adult, he tends to have problems with hostility, depression, and alcohol abuse. Which defense mechanism might he use more than others?

State three specific predictions of Freud's theory about hostile humor. Summarize the evidence for a preference for hostile humor, the reduction of aggression with hostile humor, and the relationship between tension reduction and funniness.

Participants in the "hidden observer" demonstrations placed their arms in painfully cold water. Researchers found that highly hypnotized participants

Marcellus frequently has the same dream about being chased by his wife's first husband. In the dream, the man is angry at Marcellus, and screams "you stole her from me." He has this dream at least once or twice a month. Marcellus is having a ____________dream.

What Is Personality

Personality Research Methods

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo-Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Neo-Freudian Theories: Relevant Research

The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Trait Approach: Relevant Research

The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Biological Approach: Relevant Research

The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research

The Behavioralsocial Learning Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Behavioral Social Learning Approach: Relevant Research

The Cognitive Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Cognitive Approach: Relevant Research Appendix: Your Personality Glossary

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Exam 4: The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research

Research on Freud's theory of humor has found all of the following results except one. Which one?

Sociocognitive theories of hypnosis point out that a person cannot do under hypnosis what they would not do without it.

Which of the following findings challenges the Freudian interpretation of dreams?

Based on past research, who do you suppose would be the most responsive to a hypnotic suggestions?

"Posthypnotic amnesia" refers to the hypnotic subjects' inability to recall

Numerous studies find that people who score high on measures of trait called ____________are more responsive to hypnotic suggestion than those who score low on that same trait.

According to the textbook, the many theories of hypnosis can be roughly placed along a continuum depending on

Which statement best summarizes what researchers have found about the changes in frequencies of male and female dream characters at different age levels?

When researchers asked people to rate cartoons for funniness, they found that

All but which of the following has been found to enhance hypnotic responsiveness?

According to Freud, in order to reduce the likelihood that an angry person will behave in aggressive ways, you should tell that person a ____________joke.

According to the psychoanalytic explanation of hypnosis, the superego forms a new subsystem when a person is under hypnosis.

Which of the following is true about REM sleep?

People who are deprived of ____________may have more difficulty with stressful tasks than those who do not experience such deprivation.

Which of the following best describes the cross-cultural findings when comparing the frequencies of male and female characters in dreams?

When Tony was three years old, he experienced a great deal of stress at home. As an adult, he tends to have problems with hostility, depression, and alcohol abuse. Which defense mechanism might he use more than others?

State three specific predictions of Freud's theory about hostile humor. Summarize the evidence for a preference for hostile humor, the reduction of aggression with hostile humor, and the relationship between tension reduction and funniness.

Participants in the "hidden observer" demonstrations placed their arms in painfully cold water. Researchers found that highly hypnotized participants

Marcellus frequently has the same dream about being chased by his wife's first husband. In the dream, the man is angry at Marcellus, and screams "you stole her from me." He has this dream at least once or twice a month. Marcellus is having a ____________dream.

What Is Personality

Personality Research Methods

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo-Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Neo-Freudian Theories: Relevant Research

The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Trait Approach: Relevant Research

The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Biological Approach: Relevant Research

The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research

The Behavioralsocial Learning Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Behavioral Social Learning Approach: Relevant Research

The Cognitive Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Cognitive Approach: Relevant Research Appendix: Your Personality Glossary

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