Exam 18: The Outcomes of Evolution: Macroevolution

Even through they are separate species, lions and tigers can interbreed.

Species A is divided by a newly formed river to become two populations. These populations diverge to become two different species, B and C. If the river is dammed upstream, eliminating an isolating mechanism between B and C, what will happen?

Temporal and behavioral isolation are examples of premating isolating mechanisms. Mechanical isolation, gametic isolation, and hybrid inviability are examples of postmating isolating mechanisms. Premating isolating mechanisms are considered much more important in keeping closely related species genetically separate than are postmating isolating mechanisms. Do you agree? Why or why not?

The biological species concept is based on:

Thinking of the examples in your book of adaptive radiation, in which of the following environments might you be most likely to find adaptive radiation?

In the early nineteenth century, the French scientist Georges Cuvier provided conclusive evidence of the extinction of species on Earth. Although Cuvier correctly asserted that a series of catastrophes led to these extinctions, he could not provide a testable explanation of the source of the new animals and plants that appeared after the extinction of older forms. How would you argue that modern evolutionary theory provides an explanation for the proliferation of new forms of life after mass extinctions?

When a species invades a new habitat and evolves rapidly into several new species, what has occurred?

A population becomes isolated from other populations of the same species, and then genetic divergence occurs that prevents them from breeding with other populations. What has happened?

Match the following. A) intrinsic isolating mechanisms B) gametic isolation C) adaptive radiation D) hybrid infertility E) sympatric speciation F) temporal isolation G) behavioral isolation H) extrinsic isolating mechanisms I) ecological isolation J) reproductive isolating mechanisms K) allopatric speciation -Geographic separation prevents interbreeding.

Match the following. A) intrinsic isolating mechanisms B) gametic isolation C) adaptive radiation D) hybrid infertility E) sympatric speciation F) temporal isolation G) behavioral isolation H) extrinsic isolating mechanisms I) ecological isolation J) reproductive isolating mechanisms K) allopatric speciation -The introduction of a single species into a new environment produces rapid evolution of many new species.

Match the following. A) intrinsic isolating mechanisms B) gametic isolation C) adaptive radiation D) hybrid infertility E) sympatric speciation F) temporal isolation G) behavioral isolation H) extrinsic isolating mechanisms I) ecological isolation J) reproductive isolating mechanisms K) allopatric speciation -Horses and donkeys can interbreed, but the mules that result are sterile.

When the London underground (subway) system was built in the nineteenth century, mosquitoes moved into the tunnels and became adapted to biting the customers and small animals that inhabit the subway system. Like people, mosquitoes can freely enter and leave through the tunnel entrances. Recently, DNA analysis and attempts to cross-breed above-ground mosquitoes with underground mosquitoes indicate that there are now two different species. The underground insects are visibly larger. Which term best describes what has happened?

Moss A produces gametes in May, and moss B produces gametes in June. This is an example of a/an ________ isolating mechanism.

There are currently many similar but different species on either side of the isthmus of Panama. They probably resulted from:

________ isolating mechanisms are outside factors that prevent interbreeding.

The Great Dane and Chihuahua are both domestic dogs, the same species. However, mating between them is limited by:

What causes geographic isolation for one kind of organism may not be isolating for another kind of organism.

Which field of biology is concerned with the diversity and relatedness of organisms?

Where would a researcher most likely find examples of allopatric speciation?

Which of these taxonomic categories is more inclusive than family and less inclusive than class?