Question 1

A reaction that requires the input of energy to move forward is ________.

Accepted Answer

endergonic

Question 2

Would ATP be the energy currency of the cell if the phosphate groups the cell contains were not charged? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

No, the negative charges on the phosphate groups repel each other, making these bonds unstable; therefore, these bonds will easily break and will release a lot of energy when they do.

Question 3

People with high cholesterol levels often take drugs in an attempt to lower their cholesterol levels. One such drug is Lipitor. How does this drug work?

Accepted Answer

A)  It enhances the activity of enzymes that help break down cholesterol in the body. 
B)  It prevents cholesterol from the diet from being absorbed in the small intestine. 
C)  It acts as a competitive inhibitor by binding to the active site of enzymes that normally produce cholesterol. 
D)  It increases the activation energy of enzymes needed to produce cholesterol. 
A)  It enhances the activity of enzymes that help break down cholesterol in the body. 
B)  It prevents cholesterol from the diet from being absorbed in the small intestine. 
C)  It acts as a competitive inhibitor by binding to the active site of enzymes that normally produce cholesterol. 
D)  It increases the activation energy of enzymes needed to produce cholesterol. C

Question 4

Molecules that facilitate the work of enzymes by binding with them are ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Molecules that facilitate the work of enzymes...

Question 5

You have been asked to explain to a high school class the second law of thermodynamics and how this law affects the students' lives. Using your own words, describe the second law of thermodynamics, and give an example (other than the examples described in the chapter).

Accepted Answer

The second law of thermodynamics explain

Question 6

Explain how vitamins play a role in cellular metabolism.

Accepted Answer

Vitamins are importa

Question 7

The substance that is worked on by an enzyme is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  product. 
B)  coenzyme. 
C)  inhibitor. 
D)  substrate. 
A)  product. 
B)  coenzyme. 
C)  inhibitor. 
D)  substrate.

Question 8

The energy released during ________ reactions can be used to drive ________ reactions, and this is called ________ reactions.

Accepted Answer

A)  endergonic; exergonic; coupled 
B)  exergonic; endergonic; coupled 
C)  endergonic; exergonic; mutually dependent 
D)  exergonic; endergonic; mutually dependent 
A)  endergonic; exergonic; coupled 
B)  exergonic; endergonic; coupled 
C)  endergonic; exergonic; mutually dependent 
D)  exergonic; endergonic; mutually dependent

Question 9

Enzymes themselves are altered in the process of catalyzing chemical transformations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Refer to the figure below, and then answer the question that follows.  
-The figure above represents:

Accepted Answer

A)  a metabolic pathway. 
B)  lowering activation energy. 
C)  competitive inhibition. 
D)  allosteric regulation. 
A)  a metabolic pathway. 
B)  lowering activation energy. 
C)  competitive inhibition. 
D)  allosteric regulation.

Question 11

When you digest the starch in plants into glucose, some energy is lost as heat. This increases the ________ of the universe.

Accepted Answer

A)  energy 
B)  order 
C)  entropy 
D)  potential 
E)  equilibrium 
A)  energy 
B)  order 
C)  entropy 
D)  potential 
E)  equilibrium

Question 12

A ripped piece of paper will never spontaneously repair itself. Explain the law of thermodynamics that explains why this is so.

Accepted Answer

According to the second law of

Question 13

What percentage of the energy stored in glucose do humans recover by cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  100 percent 
B)  48 percent 
C)  52 percent 
D)  37 percent 
E)  15 percent 
A)  100 percent 
B)  48 percent 
C)  52 percent 
D)  37 percent 
E)  15 percent

Question 14

In the ATP/ADP cycle:

Accepted Answer

A)  food provides the energy needed to link phosphate to ADP to make ATP. 
B)  food provides the energy needed to break down ATP into ADP. 
C)  converting ADP into ATP is an energy-yielding reaction, whereas converting ATP into ADP is an energy-requiring reaction. 
D)  after powering a reaction, ADP becomes ATP. 
A)  food provides the energy needed to link phosphate to ADP to make ATP. 
B)  food provides the energy needed to break down ATP into ADP. 
C)  converting ADP into ATP is an energy-yielding reaction, whereas converting ATP into ADP is an energy-requiring reaction. 
D)  after powering a reaction, ADP becomes ATP.

Question 15

In the reaction glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + heat, the:

Accepted Answer

A)  products have more potential energy than the reactants. 
B)  products have less potential energy than the reactants. 
C)  products have the same amount of potential energy as the reactants. 
D)  entropy has decreased. 
A)  products have more potential energy than the reactants. 
B)  products have less potential energy than the reactants. 
C)  products have the same amount of potential energy as the reactants. 
D)  entropy has decreased.

Question 16

Which of the following statements concerning enzymes is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They function as catalysts. 
B)  The active site of an enzyme has a shape that is specific for its given substrate. 
C)  They increase the activation energy required for chemical reactions to proceed. 
D)  Many enzymes utilize coenzymes, such as vitamins. 
A)  They function as catalysts. 
B)  The active site of an enzyme has a shape that is specific for its given substrate. 
C)  They increase the activation energy required for chemical reactions to proceed. 
D)  Many enzymes utilize coenzymes, such as vitamins.

Question 17

It has been hypothesized that, if the sun disappeared, all life would end. Other than the obvious drop in temperature, why would humans probably die if the sun suddenly stopped shining?

Accepted Answer

Plants provide us with both th

Question 18

Which of the following is true of vitamins?

Accepted Answer

A)  They serve as a major energy source for cells. 
B)  They are the main component of enzymes. 
C)  They can serve as enzymes. 
D)  They can serve as coenzymes. 
A)  They serve as a major energy source for cells. 
B)  They are the main component of enzymes. 
C)  They can serve as enzymes. 
D)  They can serve as coenzymes.

Question 19

The first law of thermodynamics states that:

Accepted Answer

A)  energy is required to bring molecules into a cell against a concentration gradient. 
B)  in energy-yielding reactions, matter goes from a more-ordered to a less-ordered state. 
C)  energy can be neither created nor destroyed. 
D)  all living organisms must eat to derive energy. 
A)  energy is required to bring molecules into a cell against a concentration gradient. 
B)  in energy-yielding reactions, matter goes from a more-ordered to a less-ordered state. 
C)  energy can be neither created nor destroyed. 
D)  all living organisms must eat to derive energy.

Question 20

Which of the following accurately describes energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  something that can cause movement 
B)  something that produces heat 
C)  something that has the capacity to do work 
D)  something that must be eaten 
E)  something that provides sunlight 
A)  something that can cause movement 
B)  something that produces heat 
C)  something that has the capacity to do work 
D)  something that must be eaten 
E)  something that provides sunlight

Exam 6: Lifes Mainspring: an Introduction to Energy

A reaction that requires the input of energy to move forward is ________.

Would ATP be the energy currency of the cell if the phosphate groups the cell contains were not charged? Why or why not?

People with high cholesterol levels often take drugs in an attempt to lower their cholesterol levels. One such drug is Lipitor. How does this drug work?

Molecules that facilitate the work of enzymes by binding with them are ________.

You have been asked to explain to a high school class the second law of thermodynamics and how this law affects the students' lives. Using your own words, describe the second law of thermodynamics, and give an example (other than the examples described in the chapter).

Explain how vitamins play a role in cellular metabolism.

The substance that is worked on by an enzyme is called:

The energy released during ________ reactions can be used to drive ________ reactions, and this is called ________ reactions.

Enzymes themselves are altered in the process of catalyzing chemical transformations.

Refer to the figure below, and then answer the question that follows. -The figure above represents:

When you digest the starch in plants into glucose, some energy is lost as heat. This increases the ________ of the universe.

A ripped piece of paper will never spontaneously repair itself. Explain the law of thermodynamics that explains why this is so.

What percentage of the energy stored in glucose do humans recover by cellular respiration?

In the ATP/ADP cycle:

In the reaction glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + heat, the:

Which of the following statements concerning enzymes is false?

It has been hypothesized that, if the sun disappeared, all life would end. Other than the obvious drop in temperature, why would humans probably die if the sun suddenly stopped shining?

Which of the following is true of vitamins?

The first law of thermodynamics states that:

Which of the following accurately describes energy?

Science As a Way of Learning: a Guide to the Natural World

Fundamental Building Blocks: Chemistry, Water, and Ph

Lifes Components: Biological Molecules

Lifes Home: the Cell

Lifes Border: the Plasma Membrane

Vital Harvest: Deriving Energy From Food

The Green Worlds Gift: Photosynthesis

The Links in Lifes Chain: Genetics and Cell Division

Preparing for Sexual Reproduction: Meiosis

The First Geneticist: Mendel and His Discoveries

Units of Heredity: Chromosomes and Inheritance

Passing on Lifes Information: Dna Structure and Replication

How Proteins Are Made: Genetic Transcription, Translation, and Regulation

The Future Isnt What It Used to Be: Biotechnology

An Introduction to Evolution: Charles Darwin, Evolutionary Thought, and the Evidence for Evolution

The Means of Evolution: Microevolution

The Outcomes of Evolution: Macroevolution

A Slow Unfolding: the History of Life on Earth

Arriving Late, Traveling Far: the Evolution of Human Beings

Viruses, Bacteria, Archaea, and Protists: the Diversity of Life 1

Fungi : the Diversity of Life 2

Animals: the Diversity of Life 3

Plants: the Diversity of Life 4

The Angiosperms: Form and Function in Flowering Plants

Body Support and Movement: the Integumentary, Skeletal, and Muscular Systems

Communication and Control 1: the Nervous System

Communication and Control 2: the Endocrine System

Defending the Body: the Immune System

Transport and Exchange 1: Blood and Breath

Transport and Exchange 2: Digestion, Nutrition, and Elimination

An Amazingly Detailed Script: Animal Development

How the Baby Came to Be: Human Reproduction

An Interactive Living World 1: Populations in Ecology

An Interactive Living World 2: Communities in Ecology

An Interactive Living World 3: Ecosystems and Biomes

Filters

The energy released during reactions can be used to drive reactions, and this is called reactions.