Question 1

A base pair is a unit of DNA that consists of:

Accepted Answer

A)  one sugar bonded to one phosphate. 
B)  a single chromosome. 
C)  one nucleotide. 
D)  two nucleotides, one on each complementary strand of a DNA molecule. 
E)  two identical chromosomes. 
A)  one sugar bonded to one phosphate. 
B)  a single chromosome. 
C)  one nucleotide. 
D)  two nucleotides, one on each complementary strand of a DNA molecule. 
E)  two identical chromosomes. D

Question 2

Refer to the figure below, and then answer the question that follows.  
-A G-C base pair holds the double helix together more strongly than an A-T base pair. Can you suggest a reason why?

Accepted Answer

There are three hydrogen bonds between a G and C, and there are only two hydrogen bonds between an A and T. More bonds between the G-C pair means they will hold on to each other more strongly.

Question 3

What is meant by saying one strand of DNA is the template for the synthesis of another strand?

Accepted Answer

A)  A strand of DNA is taken apart to supply nucleotides for synthesis of a new strand. 
B)  One strand of DNA acts as a wedge to separate other strands before replication. 
C)  The template specifies the order of bases of the strand being made. 
D)  The new strand will have exactly the same base sequence as the template strand. 
E)  A strand of DNA is the enzyme that connects nucleotides in replication. 
A)  A strand of DNA is taken apart to supply nucleotides for synthesis of a new strand. 
B)  One strand of DNA acts as a wedge to separate other strands before replication. 
C)  The template specifies the order of bases of the strand being made. 
D)  The new strand will have exactly the same base sequence as the template strand. 
E)  A strand of DNA is the enzyme that connects nucleotides in replication. C

Question 4

What is the complementary sequence for a segment of DNA with the sequence ACGGCT?

Accepted Answer

A)  TCGGCA 
B)  AGCCGT 
C)  TGCCGA 
D)  ACGGCT 
E)  GTAATC 
A)  TCGGCA 
B)  AGCCGT 
C)  TGCCGA 
D)  ACGGCT 
E)  GTAATC

Question 5

Most point mutations have immediate, drastic effects on an organism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The structure of DNA allows repair of simple damage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Why are the strands of DNA said to be complementary to each other?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sugar-phosphate chains are running in opposite directions. 
B)  The sugar-phosphate chains of each strand are identical. 
C)  Both strands can have any of four possible bases attached. 
D)  All the bases of one strand are paired up with their complementary bases on the other strand. 
A)  The sugar-phosphate chains are running in opposite directions. 
B)  The sugar-phosphate chains of each strand are identical. 
C)  Both strands can have any of four possible bases attached. 
D)  All the bases of one strand are paired up with their complementary bases on the other strand.

Question 8

Watson and Crick's model of the structure of DNA was published in:

Accepted Answer

A)  1953. 
B)  1961. 
C)  1923. 
D)  1949. 
E)  1975. 
A)  1953. 
B)  1961. 
C)  1923. 
D)  1949. 
E)  1975.

Question 9

Which process changes, adds, or removes information from the genome?

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation 
B)  DNA replication 
C)  genetic recombination 
D)  crossing over 
E)  cancer 
A)  mutation 
B)  DNA replication 
C)  genetic recombination 
D)  crossing over 
E)  cancer

Question 10

Individuals who have a disease such as melanoma do not necessarily have offspring with melanoma. However, individuals with Huntington disease often do pass it on to their offspring. What accounts for the difference in the heritability of the two diseases?

Accepted Answer

The mutations associated with melanoma a

Question 11

Which information was determined about DNA based on X-ray diffraction data?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each gene encodes one enzyme. 
B)  There are four different bases on the nucleotides. 
C)  Point mutations change a single location in the genome. 
D)  DNA has a helical structure. 
E)  Chromosomes are made of DNA. 
A)  Each gene encodes one enzyme. 
B)  There are four different bases on the nucleotides. 
C)  Point mutations change a single location in the genome. 
D)  DNA has a helical structure. 
E)  Chromosomes are made of DNA.

Question 12

Which of these individuals are credited with the discovery of the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins 
B)  Gregor Mendel and T.H. Morgan 
C)  James Watson and Francis Crick 
D)  Louis Pasteur 
A)  Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins 
B)  Gregor Mendel and T.H. Morgan 
C)  James Watson and Francis Crick 
D)  Louis Pasteur

Question 13

Melanoma is a cancer that is frequently associated with a mutation in what gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  in the IT15 gene 
B)  in the DNA polymerase gene 
C)  in the BRAF gene 
D)  in the Huntington gene 
A)  in the IT15 gene 
B)  in the DNA polymerase gene 
C)  in the BRAF gene 
D)  in the Huntington gene

Question 14

A mutation involving a single base pair in the genome is called a ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A mutation involving a single base pair...

Question 15

What happens to the two original strands of a DNA molecule after the DNA has replicated?

Accepted Answer

A)  After serving as replication templates, the two original strands are rejoined. 
B)  After serving as replication templates, the two original strands are destroyed. 
C)  Nucleotides from the original strands are randomly incorporated into the new strands. 
D)  Incomplete segments of the original strands end up in each newly synthesized strand. 
E)  Each original strand ends up paired with a newly synthesized strand. 
A)  After serving as replication templates, the two original strands are rejoined. 
B)  After serving as replication templates, the two original strands are destroyed. 
C)  Nucleotides from the original strands are randomly incorporated into the new strands. 
D)  Incomplete segments of the original strands end up in each newly synthesized strand. 
E)  Each original strand ends up paired with a newly synthesized strand.

Question 16

Describe what happens to the two parent strands of DNA during DNA replication.

Accepted Answer

The two strands of DNA separat

Question 17

Suppose you are a biologist trying to discover the process by which DNA copies itself. You grow cells in a culture that contains a special isotope of nitrogen, N-15, which will become part of any new DNA the cell makes. After one generation, you analyze the DNA and find all the DNA has some N-15 in it. You then take those cells and grow them for another generation in a culture with the normal isotope of nitrogen, N-14, and find that half of the DNA has some N-15 in it and half of it has only N-14. From this information, what can you infer is the process by which DNA replicates?

Accepted Answer

The process must be that each strand of

Question 18

________ is the enzyme involved in joining nucleotides as they are paired up.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is the enzyme involved in joining...

Question 19

How are X rays used in the technique of X-ray diffraction?

Accepted Answer

A)  The scattering of X rays by a purified form of a molecule reveals its structure. 
B)  DNA strands are separated by X-ray energy, revealing the order of bases. 
C)  Cells are broken open to release chromosomes by being bombarded with X rays. 
D)  The X rays are used to mutate DNA to determine the location of genes. 
E)  Enzymes are destroyed by X rays, revealing the order of steps in metabolism. 
A)  The scattering of X rays by a purified form of a molecule reveals its structure. 
B)  DNA strands are separated by X-ray energy, revealing the order of bases. 
C)  Cells are broken open to release chromosomes by being bombarded with X rays. 
D)  The X rays are used to mutate DNA to determine the location of genes. 
E)  Enzymes are destroyed by X rays, revealing the order of steps in metabolism.

Question 20

What is the benefit of mutations?

Accepted Answer

A)  They eliminate unneeded regions of chromosomes. 
B)  They increase the shuffling of existing genetic information. 
C)  They create cancerous cells, which grow faster than others. 
D)  They add new genetic information upon which evolution can act. 
A)  They eliminate unneeded regions of chromosomes. 
B)  They increase the shuffling of existing genetic information. 
C)  They create cancerous cells, which grow faster than others. 
D)  They add new genetic information upon which evolution can act.

Exam 13: Passing on Lifes Information: Dna Structure and Replication

A base pair is a unit of DNA that consists of:

Refer to the figure below, and then answer the question that follows. -A G-C base pair holds the double helix together more strongly than an A-T base pair. Can you suggest a reason why?

What is meant by saying one strand of DNA is the template for the synthesis of another strand?

What is the complementary sequence for a segment of DNA with the sequence ACGGCT?

Most point mutations have immediate, drastic effects on an organism.

The structure of DNA allows repair of simple damage.

Why are the strands of DNA said to be complementary to each other?

Watson and Crick's model of the structure of DNA was published in:

Which process changes, adds, or removes information from the genome?

Individuals who have a disease such as melanoma do not necessarily have offspring with melanoma. However, individuals with Huntington disease often do pass it on to their offspring. What accounts for the difference in the heritability of the two diseases?

Which information was determined about DNA based on X-ray diffraction data?

Which of these individuals are credited with the discovery of the structure of DNA?

Melanoma is a cancer that is frequently associated with a mutation in what gene?

A mutation involving a single base pair in the genome is called a ________.

What happens to the two original strands of a DNA molecule after the DNA has replicated?

Describe what happens to the two parent strands of DNA during DNA replication.

________ is the enzyme involved in joining nucleotides as they are paired up.

How are X rays used in the technique of X-ray diffraction?

What is the benefit of mutations?

Science As a Way of Learning: a Guide to the Natural World

Fundamental Building Blocks: Chemistry, Water, and Ph

Lifes Components: Biological Molecules

Lifes Home: the Cell

Lifes Border: the Plasma Membrane

Lifes Mainspring: an Introduction to Energy

Vital Harvest: Deriving Energy From Food

The Green Worlds Gift: Photosynthesis

The Links in Lifes Chain: Genetics and Cell Division

Preparing for Sexual Reproduction: Meiosis

The First Geneticist: Mendel and His Discoveries

Units of Heredity: Chromosomes and Inheritance

How Proteins Are Made: Genetic Transcription, Translation, and Regulation

The Future Isnt What It Used to Be: Biotechnology

An Introduction to Evolution: Charles Darwin, Evolutionary Thought, and the Evidence for Evolution

The Means of Evolution: Microevolution

The Outcomes of Evolution: Macroevolution

A Slow Unfolding: the History of Life on Earth

Arriving Late, Traveling Far: the Evolution of Human Beings

Viruses, Bacteria, Archaea, and Protists: the Diversity of Life 1

Fungi : the Diversity of Life 2

Animals: the Diversity of Life 3

Plants: the Diversity of Life 4

The Angiosperms: Form and Function in Flowering Plants

Body Support and Movement: the Integumentary, Skeletal, and Muscular Systems

Communication and Control 1: the Nervous System

Communication and Control 2: the Endocrine System

Defending the Body: the Immune System

Transport and Exchange 1: Blood and Breath

Transport and Exchange 2: Digestion, Nutrition, and Elimination

An Amazingly Detailed Script: Animal Development

How the Baby Came to Be: Human Reproduction

An Interactive Living World 1: Populations in Ecology

An Interactive Living World 2: Communities in Ecology

An Interactive Living World 3: Ecosystems and Biomes

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