Question 1

Which of the following is not present in the central canals of osteons?

Accepted Answer

A)  blood vessels 
B)  nerves 
C)  endosteum 
D)  osteocytes 
A)  blood vessels 
B)  nerves 
C)  endosteum 
D)  osteocytes

Question 2

Spongy bone

Accepted Answer

A)  contains osteons. 
B)  contains vessels within a central canal. 
C)  contains several layers of lamellae. 
D)  contains a nutrient artery. 
A)  contains osteons. 
B)  contains vessels within a central canal. 
C)  contains several layers of lamellae. 
D)  contains a nutrient artery.

Question 3

Achondroplasia is a genetic disorder in which cartilage proliferation is inhibited and the epiphyseal plates close early. What would be a consequence of early closure of the epiphysial plates?

Accepted Answer

A)  The limbs would be shorter than expected. 
B)  The patient would be at greater risk of suffering an epiphyseal fracture. 
C)  Bones would not form by intramembranous ossification. 
D)  Appositional bone growth would not occur. 
A)  The limbs would be shorter than expected. 
B)  The patient would be at greater risk of suffering an epiphyseal fracture. 
C)  Bones would not form by intramembranous ossification. 
D)  Appositional bone growth would not occur.

Question 4

Rickets is a condition resulting from inadequate intake of Vitamin D, which is required for absorption of calcium in the digestive tract. What consequences would this have on the bones?

Accepted Answer

A)  The bones would become thickened due to increased bone deposition 
B)  The lack of calcium would cause the bones to be soft and weak. 
C)  The epiphysial plates would close prematurely, leading to decreased limb length. 
D)  The lack of vitamin D would cause the bones to become thicker and stronger. 
A)  The bones would become thickened due to increased bone deposition 
B)  The lack of calcium would cause the bones to be soft and weak. 
C)  The epiphysial plates would close prematurely, leading to decreased limb length. 
D)  The lack of vitamin D would cause the bones to become thicker and stronger.

Question 5

Stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts are called ________.

Accepted Answer

Osteoproge

Question 6

Examples of flat bones include the ribs, sternum, the bones of the head surrounding the brain case, and the scapula.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct progression in the healing of a skeletal fracture?

Accepted Answer

A)  bone remodeling, bony callus, hematoma, fibrocartilage callus 
B)  fibrocartilage callus, bone remodeling, bony callus, hematoma 
C)  hematoma, fibrocartilage callus, bony callus, bone remodeling 
D)  hematoma, bony callus, bone remodeling, fibrocartilage callus 
A)  bone remodeling, bony callus, hematoma, fibrocartilage callus 
B)  fibrocartilage callus, bone remodeling, bony callus, hematoma 
C)  hematoma, fibrocartilage callus, bony callus, bone remodeling 
D)  hematoma, bony callus, bone remodeling, fibrocartilage callus

Question 8

If a bone located in a limb is longer than it is wide, that bone is a(n) ________ bone.

Accepted Answer

A)  long 
B)  short 
C)  irregular 
D)  flat 
A)  long 
B)  short 
C)  irregular 
D)  flat

Question 9

The type of cartilage that forms the long bones of the embryonic skeleton is

Accepted Answer

A)  hyaline cartilage. 
B)  fibrocartilage. 
C)  elastic cartilage. 
D)  calcified cartilage. 
A)  hyaline cartilage. 
B)  fibrocartilage. 
C)  elastic cartilage. 
D)  calcified cartilage.

Question 10

Paget's Disease is characterized by excessive rates of bone deposition, and the medullary cavity may completely fill with bone. What would be a consequence of this?

Accepted Answer

A)  The bones would become heavier than usual. 
B)  The bones would produce more blood cells. 
C)  The bones would contain a greater amount of fat tissue than usual. 
D)  The bones would require less calcium than usual. 
A)  The bones would become heavier than usual. 
B)  The bones would produce more blood cells. 
C)  The bones would contain a greater amount of fat tissue than usual. 
D)  The bones would require less calcium than usual.

Question 11

Which of these bony markings is not a site of muscle or ligament attachment?

Accepted Answer

A)  facet 
B)  tubercle 
C)  spine 
D)  epicondyle 
E)  line 
A)  facet 
B)  tubercle 
C)  spine 
D)  epicondyle 
E)  line

Question 12

The type of cartilage that comprises the epiglottis is

Accepted Answer

A)  hyaline cartilage. 
B)  fibrocartilage. 
C)  elastic cartilage. 
D)  calcified cartilage. 
A)  hyaline cartilage. 
B)  fibrocartilage. 
C)  elastic cartilage. 
D)  calcified cartilage.

Question 13

Greenstick fractures are incomplete fractures in which only one side of the shaft breaks while the other side bends. Anatomically, why would these types of breaks be more common in children?

Accepted Answer

A)  A child's bones have less organic matrix, making them more brittle. 
B)  A child's bones have more organic matrix, making them more flexible. 
C)  A child's bones are more susceptible to excessive twisting forces. 
D)  The epiphyseal plate makes a child's bones more brittle. 
A)  A child's bones have less organic matrix, making them more brittle. 
B)  A child's bones have more organic matrix, making them more flexible. 
C)  A child's bones are more susceptible to excessive twisting forces. 
D)  The epiphyseal plate makes a child's bones more brittle.

Question 14

The process of bone growth is regulated by several hormones throughout the lifetime of an individual. The hormone most influential in skeletal growth prior to adolescence is secreted from the

Accepted Answer

A)  parathyroid gland. 
B)  pancreas. 
C)  pituitary gland. 
D)  adrenal gland. 
A)  parathyroid gland. 
B)  pancreas. 
C)  pituitary gland. 
D)  adrenal gland.

Question 15

The universal loss of skeletal mass that begins after age 40

Accepted Answer

A)  is slower in women than in men. 
B)  is absolutely uniform throughout the skeleton. 
C)  reflects an imbalance in the bone-remodeling process. 
D)  is due to increased blood flow to bones as individuals age. 
A)  is slower in women than in men. 
B)  is absolutely uniform throughout the skeleton. 
C)  reflects an imbalance in the bone-remodeling process. 
D)  is due to increased blood flow to bones as individuals age.

Question 16

A ________ is a rounded articular projection that forms a joint with another bone.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ________ is a rounded articular projection...

Question 17

All of the following are true regarding cartilage except

Accepted Answer

A)  it is more abundant in an infant than in an adult. 
B)  it contains no nerves or blood vessels. 
C)  it is primarily composed of water. 
D)  it is easily deformed with compression and does not return to its original shape. 
A)  it is more abundant in an infant than in an adult. 
B)  it contains no nerves or blood vessels. 
C)  it is primarily composed of water. 
D)  it is easily deformed with compression and does not return to its original shape.

Question 18

Which bone cell type secretes hydrochloric acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  osteoblast 
B)  osteoclast 
C)  osteocyte 
D)  osteoprogenitor 
A)  osteoblast 
B)  osteoclast 
C)  osteocyte 
D)  osteoprogenitor

Question 19

Membranous bones form directly from mesenchyme without being modeled in cartilage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Fibrocartilage is designed to withstand repeated compressive forces.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 6: Bones and Skeletal Tissues

Which of the following is not present in the central canals of osteons?

Spongy bone

Achondroplasia is a genetic disorder in which cartilage proliferation is inhibited and the epiphyseal plates close early. What would be a consequence of early closure of the epiphysial plates?

Rickets is a condition resulting from inadequate intake of Vitamin D, which is required for absorption of calcium in the digestive tract. What consequences would this have on the bones?

Stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts are called ________.

Examples of flat bones include the ribs, sternum, the bones of the head surrounding the brain case, and the scapula.

Which of the following is the correct progression in the healing of a skeletal fracture?

If a bone located in a limb is longer than it is wide, that bone is a(n) ________ bone.

The type of cartilage that forms the long bones of the embryonic skeleton is

Paget's Disease is characterized by excessive rates of bone deposition, and the medullary cavity may completely fill with bone. What would be a consequence of this?

Which of these bony markings is not a site of muscle or ligament attachment?

The type of cartilage that comprises the epiglottis is

Greenstick fractures are incomplete fractures in which only one side of the shaft breaks while the other side bends. Anatomically, why would these types of breaks be more common in children?

The process of bone growth is regulated by several hormones throughout the lifetime of an individual. The hormone most influential in skeletal growth prior to adolescence is secreted from the

The universal loss of skeletal mass that begins after age 40

A ________ is a rounded articular projection that forms a joint with another bone.

All of the following are true regarding cartilage except

Which bone cell type secretes hydrochloric acid?

Membranous bones form directly from mesenchyme without being modeled in cartilage.

Fibrocartilage is designed to withstand repeated compressive forces.

The Human Body: an Orientation

Cells: the Living Units

Basic Embryology

Tissues

The Integumentary System

Bones, Part 1: the Axial Skeleton

Bones, Part 2: the Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Muscles of the Body

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Sensory Neurons

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

The Urinary System

The Reproductive System

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