Exam 8: The Nature of Knowledge

In a science lesson on heat, Ms. Jones explains that heat is the result of molecules moving back and forth very quickly and that gases are heated more quickly than liquids. The following day, she asks her class the following four questions. Which one is a higher-level question?

In an early investigation of memory, Frederic Bartlett asked students to read a story called The War of the Ghosts and then on later occasions asked them to recall the story. Bartlett made a number of observations about how students' recollections of the story were different from the story itself. Which of the following was not one of his observations?

Which one of the following examples best illustrates a problem with prospective memory?

Which one of the following best illustrates the use of a concept map?

To pass the time one day, Keisha multiplies 2 by 2 by 2 by 2 ... and so on, on her calculator. She observes that the products increase in size more dramatically with each calculation. A few weeks later, when her math teacher explains what it means for something to increase exponentially, Keisha realizes that she has already discovered this idea on her own, and she remembers it better as a result. Which one of the following concepts best characterizes Keisha's enhanced understanding of an exponential increase?

A physics teacher asks her students to draw a picture to illustrate the forces at work when someone throws a ball into the air. This strategy should do two things to help students remember the forces involved. In particular, it should encourage students to engage in both:

Randall is trying to remember how to spell the word separate. He retrieves the first three letters S E P) and the last four R A T E) and assumes that the fourth letter must be E because he usually pronounces the word like this: "SEP-ER-ATE." Randall's process of remembering how to spell the word in this case, incorrectly) illustrates the use of:

Ms. Trinh is about to start a unit on sharks. Some of her students have a strong interest in sharks and know a lot about them. Others know very little about sharks. When Ms. Trinh gives a reading assignment about sharks, she should expect that:

Which one of the following is the best example of a flashbulb memory?

The textbook distinguishes between teacher-directed and learner-directed forms of instruction. Which one of the following best describes how teachers should view these two approaches?

Occasional review of previously learned material helps our memory for that material by:

A biology teacher wants students to remember the various components of a cell nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane). Considering what research tells us about long-term memory storage, the teacher would be well advised to help students encode information about the cell:

Albert grew up in Germany but now lives in England. He recalls more about his childhood in Germany when he's speaking in German than when he's speaking in English. Which one of the following concepts best explains this fact?

A teacher tells his class, "For tomorrow's class, read pages 23 to 49 in your geography book." Three of the following students are demonstrating the process of construction in their perceptions of what their teacher has said. Which student is not?

Generally speaking, adults learn and remember more easily than children do. The reverse is true, however, when the children:

Travis realizes that the year World War II ended-1945-is the same year that his grandfather was born. Which one of the following processes is Travis most clearly demonstrating?

Which one of the following statements best describes how learners are apt to acquire procedural knowledge?

One of the history teachers below is violating a principle recommended for promoting long-term memory storage during instruction. Which teacher is doing so?

To help herself learn the early explorers of the New World, Jessica makes a chart that lists the Spanish explorers together, the Portuguese explorers together, the French explorers together, and so on. Which one of the following processes is Jessica most clearly demonstrating?

Which one of the following most accurately describes the difference between skilled readers and beginning readers in terms of their attention to what they read?