Exam 8: The Nature of Knowledge

Three of the following teachers are using strategies that should help students effectively learn and remember information. Which one is not necessarily promoting effective cognitive processing?

Explain how the process of construction is often involved in long-term memory storage. Illustrate your explanation with a concrete example.

The four students described below are using visual imagery to try to remember information. Considering what theorists and researchers say about the strengths and weaknesses of visual imagery, only one student is likely to remember this information accurately. Which one?

Considering research described in the textbook regarding meaningful learning, which one of the following students is most likely to remember what the word effervescent means?

Tyler learns that Christopher Columbus's first voyage across the Atlantic was financed by Queen Isabella of Spain. He thinks to himself, "She probably thought she would make a profit on her investment." When he stops to consider the queen's motives, Tyler is demonstrating which one of the following processes?

As a teacher, you want your students to use effective information processing strategies as they study classroom subject matter. You consider research about the effects of classroom assessment tasks on learning, and you conclude that you should:

Lucy sees a boy who looks very familiar to her, but she can't remember who he is. Then the boy says something with a thick French accent, and Lucy suddenly realizes that he is the foreign exchange student from France. In this situation, the boy's French accent helps Lucy remember by:

Distinguish between controlled processing and automatic processing, and give a concrete example to illustrate each one. Also, describe two advantages of learning something to a level of automaticity.

Maria moved to this country several months ago. She has been studying English as a second language but still has much to learn about the language of her new homeland. One day her teacher tells the class, "Bring an empty coffee can to school tomorrow for a project we're going to do." Maria hears only two familiar words-"coffee" and "school"-and guesses that her teacher is saying that students should not drink coffee at school. Maria's misinterpretation illustrates which one of the following?

Occasionally people have false memories, "recalling" events that never actually happened. Three of the following false memories are consistent with research findings regarding when false memories are likely to form. Which one is inconsistent with research findings?

Which one of the following teachers provides the best example of the halo effect?

William is shopping at a convenience store when a man rushes in, shoots the store clerk in the arm, hurriedly cleans out the cash register, and then speeds away in a pickup truck. Later, a detective asks William to describe the woman who was waiting for the thief in the truck. The fact is, William didn't see a woman in the truck, but after the detective urges him to "think hard and try to remember her," he begins to recall seeing a blonde woman sitting in the passenger side of the truck. This situation illustrates:

Psychologists have offered three of the following as possible explanations for the phenomenon of infantile amnesia. Which one have they not suggested?

Which one of the following is the most accurate statement about how people perceive the world around them?

To learn how to spell rhinoceros, Paula repeats the letters of the word over and over again without really thinking about what she is saying. Considering research findings about the effectiveness of rehearsal, we can predict that Paula's strategy will be:

Of the following four teachers, which one is probably presenting an ambiguous stimulus to students?

Which one of the following statements describes wait time and its effect on learning?

Maria is listening to her teacher talk about how rainy weather develops. Maria thinks, "Rain … hmm, it's supposed to rain tomorrow … I wonder where I left my umbrella … I think I took it to the library yesterday … I'll bet that's where I left my notebook, too." Maria's thoughts illustrate:

Morris is taking an introductory Russian course. In the early weeks of the course, he studies new Russian vocabulary words 10 times each, all in the same evening. Later on, he discovers that he can remember Russian words better over the long run if he studies them twice in an evening for five evenings in a row. Morris has discovered:

Successful retrieval of information from long-term memory depends on three of the following factors. On which one does retrieval not depend?