Question 1

The preexisting rock that is subsequently altered to form a metamorphic rock is termed a

Accepted Answer

A)  xenolith. 
B)  source rock. 
C)  protolith. 
D)  phenocryst. 
A)  xenolith. 
B)  source rock. 
C)  protolith. 
D)  phenocryst.

Question 2

________ commonly serves as a protolith in the formation of quartzite.

Accepted Answer

A)  Limestone 
B)  Sandstone 
C)  Shale 
D)  Slate 
A)  Limestone 
B)  Sandstone 
C)  Shale 
D)  Slate

Question 3

Precambrian metamorphic rocks are exposed at the surface

Accepted Answer

A)  on Mars and Venus but not on the Earth. 
B)  at places in continental interiors called platforms. 
C)  at places in continental interiors called shields. 
D)  at the bottom of the deep sea. 
A)  on Mars and Venus but not on the Earth. 
B)  at places in continental interiors called platforms. 
C)  at places in continental interiors called shields. 
D)  at the bottom of the deep sea.

Question 4

Metamorphism includes a solid-state change in a rock caused by heat,pressure,and/or hydrothermal fluids.Explain what is meant by a solid-state change.

Accepted Answer

A solid-state change takes place when al

Question 5

During metamorphism,small mineral grains can reform into larger,interlocking grains of the same mineral.This process is called _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  foliation 
B)  elongation 
C)  pressure solution 
D)  recrystallization 
A)  foliation 
B)  elongation 
C)  pressure solution 
D)  recrystallization

Question 6

Hornfels facies rocks form in shallow crustal environments due to contact (thermal)metamorphism.As a result,hornfels typically

Accepted Answer

A)  are foliated. 
B)  form at high pressures and low temperatures. 
C)  form at low pressures and high temperatures. 
D)  are associated with deep sedimentary basins. 
A)  are foliated. 
B)  form at high pressures and low temperatures. 
C)  form at low pressures and high temperatures. 
D)  are associated with deep sedimentary basins.

Question 7

A protolith

Accepted Answer

A)  is always metamorphic rock. 
B)  is always igneous rock. 
C)  is always sedimentary rock. 
D)  may belong to any of the three primary rock types. 
A)  is always metamorphic rock. 
B)  is always igneous rock. 
C)  is always sedimentary rock. 
D)  may belong to any of the three primary rock types.

Question 8

Slaty cleavage,schistosity,and compositional banding are all examples of

Accepted Answer

A)  mineral cleavage. 
B)  foliation. 
C)  recrystallization. 
D)  metamorphic facies. 
A)  mineral cleavage. 
B)  foliation. 
C)  recrystallization. 
D)  metamorphic facies.

Question 9

A mineral within a metamorphic rock that can be used to narrowly constrain the temperature and pressure of rock formation is termed a (n)________ mineral.

Accepted Answer

A)  thermal 
B)  index 
C)  mafic 
D)  halide 
A)  thermal 
B)  index 
C)  mafic 
D)  halide

Question 10

When actions that squeeze or push on a rock are stronger in some directions than others,we call this

Accepted Answer

A)  differential stress. 
B)  pressure. 
C)  shear stress. 
D)  weathering. 
A)  differential stress. 
B)  pressure. 
C)  shear stress. 
D)  weathering.

Question 11

What is a contact aureole?

Accepted Answer

A)  a location where two different types of metamorphic rock are next to each other 
B)  a type of foliation that develops due to shear stress 
C)  the belt of metamorphosed rocks surrounding an igneous intrusion 
D)  the location where a protolith transitions to metamorphic rock 
A)  a location where two different types of metamorphic rock are next to each other 
B)  a type of foliation that develops due to shear stress 
C)  the belt of metamorphosed rocks surrounding an igneous intrusion 
D)  the location where a protolith transitions to metamorphic rock

Question 12

Spreading peanut butter on bread is an application of

Accepted Answer

A)  normal stress. 
B)  pressure. 
C)  shear stress. 
D)  metasomatism. 
A)  normal stress. 
B)  pressure. 
C)  shear stress. 
D)  metasomatism.

Question 13

Consult the figure below.Compared with low-grade metamorphic rocks,high-grade rocks

Accepted Answer

A)  always contain more quartz and feldspar. 
B)  are produced closer to the surface. 
C)  are produced at greater temperatures and pressures. 
D)  are produced at cooler temperatures but greater pressures. 
A)  always contain more quartz and feldspar. 
B)  are produced closer to the surface. 
C)  are produced at greater temperatures and pressures. 
D)  are produced at cooler temperatures but greater pressures.

Question 14

What is slaty cleavage and how does it form? Contrast the form of bedding planes in slate's protolith versus cleavage planes in a slate.

Accepted Answer

Slate cleavage is a type of foliation th

Question 15

Differential stress will cause crystals to align in a preferred orientation unless the crystals are

Accepted Answer

A)  primarily mica. 
B)  platy. 
C)  equant. 
D)  elongate. 
A)  primarily mica. 
B)  platy. 
C)  equant. 
D)  elongate.

Question 16

The transformation of protoliths into metamorphic rocks solely through transfer of heat is termed ________ metamorphism.

Accepted Answer

A)  regional 
B)  thermal 
C)  shock 
D)  dynamic 
A)  regional 
B)  thermal 
C)  shock 
D)  dynamic

Question 17

Consult the figure below.The region of thermally metamorphosed rock surrounding a cooled pluton is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  shear zone. 
B)  aureole. 
C)  oriole. 
D)  metamorphic ring. 
A)  shear zone. 
B)  aureole. 
C)  oriole. 
D)  metamorphic ring.

Question 18

During metamorphism,new mineral grains can form that are not found in the protolith.This process is called _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  foliation 
B)  elongation 
C)  pressure solution 
D)  neocrystallization 
A)  foliation 
B)  elongation 
C)  pressure solution 
D)  neocrystallization

Question 19

Clay minerals within a buried body of slate are recrystallized at high temperatures and pressures to form mica,producing a rock called phyllite.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  diagenesis. 
B)  erosion. 
C)  metamorphism. 
D)  weathering. 
A)  diagenesis. 
B)  erosion. 
C)  metamorphism. 
D)  weathering.

Question 20

A preferred orientation of large,flaky mica crystals within metamorphic rock is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  slaty cleavage. 
B)  phyllitic luster. 
C)  schistosity. 
D)  compositional banding. 
A)  slaty cleavage. 
B)  phyllitic luster. 
C)  schistosity. 
D)  compositional banding.

Exam 7: Metamorphism: a Process of Change

The preexisting rock that is subsequently altered to form a metamorphic rock is termed a

________ commonly serves as a protolith in the formation of quartzite.

Precambrian metamorphic rocks are exposed at the surface

Metamorphism includes a solid-state change in a rock caused by heat,pressure,and/or hydrothermal fluids.Explain what is meant by a solid-state change.

During metamorphism,small mineral grains can reform into larger,interlocking grains of the same mineral.This process is called _________.

Hornfels facies rocks form in shallow crustal environments due to contact (thermal)metamorphism.As a result,hornfels typically

A protolith

Slaty cleavage,schistosity,and compositional banding are all examples of

A mineral within a metamorphic rock that can be used to narrowly constrain the temperature and pressure of rock formation is termed a (n)________ mineral.

When actions that squeeze or push on a rock are stronger in some directions than others,we call this

What is a contact aureole?

Spreading peanut butter on bread is an application of

Consult the figure below.Compared with low-grade metamorphic rocks,high-grade rocks

What is slaty cleavage and how does it form? Contrast the form of bedding planes in slate's protolith versus cleavage planes in a slate.

Differential stress will cause crystals to align in a preferred orientation unless the crystals are

The transformation of protoliths into metamorphic rocks solely through transfer of heat is termed ________ metamorphism.

Consult the figure below.The region of thermally metamorphosed rock surrounding a cooled pluton is called a(n)

During metamorphism,new mineral grains can form that are not found in the protolith.This process is called _________.

Clay minerals within a buried body of slate are recrystallized at high temperatures and pressures to form mica,producing a rock called phyllite.This is an example of

A preferred orientation of large,flaky mica crystals within metamorphic rock is termed

The Earth in Context

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

Pages of the Earths Past: Sedimentary Rocks

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Crags,cracks,and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of the Earth

Riches in Rock: Energy and Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Streams and Floods: the Geology of Running Water

Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

Dry Regions: the Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Introducing Rocks

A Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

The Rock Cycle

The Earth’s Interior Revisited: Insights from Geophysics

Memories of Past Life: Fossils and Evolution

Ever-Changing Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

Prelude: And Just What is Geology?

Filters