Exam 1: The Science of Psychology

Positive psychologists argue that psychology should entirely abandon its focus on healing abnormal behavior and instead focus on "wellness."

The term "race" refers to ________ heritage.

Consider the following experiment. Children are drawn from high-, middle-, and low-income households. All the children are divided into two groups. One group watches Sesame Street on TV every day for a month while the other group watches cartoons. Both groups are then given a test that measures creativity. In this study, ________.

A psychologist reads a lengthy story to a group of people and then observes the kinds of things they remember, the ways in which their recollections change over time, and the sorts of errors in their memories that occur. This psychologist is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.

In Milgram's studies, "learners" who made errors were punished with ________.

Research techniques based on the naturally occurring relationship between two or more variables are known as the ________ method.

Evolutionary psychologists see the human mind as a "general purpose" computer that requires software (experience) to process information.

A mother is trying to teach her little boy to eat his cereal with a spoon. Every time he correctly does so, his mother gives him a small piece of his favorite cookie. This is an example of ________.

Two groups of people are given different kinds of practice problems in logic. They are then tested on a set of new problems to determine whether one kind of practice was better than the other. The nature of the practice problems is the ________ variable.

Industrial and organizational (I/O) psychologists are concerned with practical issues such as improving productivity and working conditions.

Currently, with regard to research using animals, the APA ________.

The idea that psychology should be based only on observable, measurable behavior is central to ________.

The history of psychology can be divided into ________ main stages.

Functionalist theory is concerned only with learning, sensation, and perception.

Titchener broke consciousness down into three basic elements.

A group of psychologists are interested in how hormones, psychoactive medications, and "social drugs" affect us. They are most likely to be ________.

John B. Watson believed that all mental experiences are nothing more than physiological changes in response to accumulated experiences.

When we are shown a series of still pictures flashed at a constant rate, they seem to show movement. The psychologists most likely to be interested in this event are ________ psychologists.

A scientist is studying the effects of alcohol on driving ability. Set up an experimental design in which this scientist could identify the effects of alcohol on driving ability. In your description, be sure to label your hypothesis, the independent variable, the dependent variable, the control group, and the experimental group. How could this scientist avoid the effects of experimenter bias when scoring the results of the study?

Psychologists study animal behavior in order to shed light on human behavior.