Exam 1: The Science of Psychology

Animals are typically used in experiments when _______.

A male who seeks help for depression is told that the way to overcome the depression is to improve his self-esteem and self-expression, to seek out peak experiences and achieve self-actualization. This approach is most similar to that of ________ psychology.

Most psychologists agree that appreciating human diversity will lead to a fuller understanding of human behavior and mental processes.

Abigail goes to school with a set of twins. She is interested in why, even though they are identical, the two girls act differently. She knows that one sister grew up in their father's household, and the other lived exclusively with their mother. Abigail's interest and question best could fall under which enduring question in psychology?

Explain what surveys are and how they overcome some of the shortcomings of case studies. What are some of the specific advantages and disadvantages of this type of research?

Skinner rewarded subjects for behaving the way he wanted them to, and termed this ________.

A group of psychologists study the differences among individuals' traits such as anxiety, sociability, self-esteem, emotional stability, and aggressiveness. They are most likely to be ________ psychologists.

A researcher, interested in how people use the recycling bins on campus, goes to the cafeteria and watches and records who places bottles in the recycling bin versus the trash can over several hours. This researcher is using the ________ method of research.

Observing behavior as it happens in real-life natural settings without imposing laboratory controls is known as ________.

Freud argued that human beings are rational and have free will to make choices to guide their lives.

Psychology is the scientific study of ________.

A researcher goes to great lengths to ensure that the proportion of males and females in his study matches the proportion of males and females nationally. He is selecting a ________ sample.

Personality psychologists study mental and physical growth in humans from the prenatal period through childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age.

Psychologists must document informed consent in their studies.

An advantage to using naturalistic observation is observer bias.

A positive psychologist is most likely to devote her attention to studying the ________.

The oldest of the modern schools of psychology is cognitive psychology.

________ is well-known for his studies on obedience.

Like Watson, Skinner believed that psychology should study only ________.

Feminist psychology has had little impact on most facets of psychological practice.